Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čaθwā́rah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Proto-Iranian cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : *čaθwā́rah

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.

Numeral

*čaθwā́rah m pl (feminine plural *čátasrah, neuter plural *čaθwā́r)

1. four

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬭 (caθβar), 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬁𐬭𐬋 (caθβārō, nom.pl.)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian: *čaθβāri
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *caθβāri
      • Proto-Saka: *cahari
        • Old Khotanese: 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑀳𑁅𑀭 (tcahaura)
          • Late Khotanese: 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑀳𑁄𑀭 (tcahora), 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑁅𑀭 (tcaura)
        • Tumshuqese: 𑀢𑁆𑀲𑀳𑀭𑀺 (tsahari)
      • Wakhi: cəbыr
    • Proto-Sarmatian: *čəθβār
      • Alanic: *čuββar
        • Ossetian:

          Digor Ossetian: цуппар (cuppar)

          Iron Ossetian: цыппар (cyppar)

  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: σοφαρο (sofaro)
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (cfʾr)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (čatfār)
      • Yaghnobi: тафор (tafor)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri-Parachi:
    • Ormuri: ښری (ṣ̌rī)
    • Parachi: čōr
  • Pashto: څلور (śalór)
  • Shughni: cavōr
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: چار (cár)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: çar

    Central Kurdish: چوار (çwar), چار (çar)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫜𐫀𐫡 (cfʾr /⁠čafār⁠/)

    • Zazaki: chehar
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠čahār⁠/)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ALBA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (chʾl)

    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭰𐭤𐭥 (chʿ)

    Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫝‌𐫍‌𐫀‌𐫡 (c‌h‌ʾ‌r), 𐫝‌𐫍‌𐫀‌𐫀‌𐫡 (c‌h‌ʾ‌ʾ‌r)

    • Classical Persian: چهار (čahār)
      • Dari: چهار (čahār)
      • Iranian Persian: چهار (čahâr)
      • Tajik: чор (čor), чаҳор (čahor)