Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/θráhma

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *trásma, from Proto-Indo-European *trés-mn̥, from *tres- (“to tremble (with fear)”) + *-mn̥.

Noun

*θráhma

1. terror, fear

Descendants

• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Parthian: *hram
    • → Middle Persian: *hram
      • Persian: رَم (ram)
        • → Pashto: رم (ram)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Bakhtiari: سهم (sahm)
  • Old Persian: *çahma
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠sahm⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫍𐫖 (shm)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (shm)

      • Classical Persian: سهم (sahm)
        • → Armenian: սահմ (sahm)
        • → Gurani: سام (sām)
        • → Hindustani:
          • Hindi: सहम (saham)
          • Urdu: سہم (sahm)
        • → Kurdish:

          Central Kurdish: سام (sam)

          Northern Kurdish: sav

          Southern Kurdish: سیەو (syew), سیەم (syem)

        • → Pashto: سهم (sahm)