Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/stáwrah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáwras, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)táwros.

Noun

*stáwrah m^[1]^[2]^[3]

large domestic animal, cattle

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stáwrah	*stáwrā(w)	*stáwrāh(ah)
vocative	*stáwra	*stáwrā(w)	*stáwrāh(ah)
accusative	*stáwram	*stáwrā(w)	*stáwrānh
instrumental	*stáwraH	*stáwraybʰyā(m)	*stáwrāyš
ablative	*stáwrāt	*stáwraybʰyā(m)	*stáwraybʰyah
dative	*stáwrāy	*stáwraybʰyā(m)	*stáwraybʰyah
genitive	*stáwrahya	*stáwrayāh	*stáwrānaHam
locative	*stáwray	*stáwrayaw	*stáwrayšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬭𐬀 (staora, “large domestic animal”)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *stōri
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *stōri
    - Proto-Saka: *stōri
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (stūrä, “large cattle, horse”)
    - Wakhi: strey (“cow, female cattle”)
  - Proto-Sarmatian: *stōr
    - Alanic: *stor
      - Ossetian: (“cow, bull”)
        Digor Ossetian: стор (stor), ӕстор (æstor)
        Iron Ossetian: стур (stur)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾstwr), [script needed] (ʾscwr), [script needed] (ʾswr)
  - Sogdian: (/⁠(ə)stōr⁠/, “sheep, cattle”)
    Sogdian script: 𐼼𐽂𐼴𐽀 (stwr), 𐼰𐼼𐽂𐼰𐼴𐽀 (ʾstʾwr), 𐼰𐼼𐽂𐼴𐽀 (ʾstwr)
    
    Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼑𐼚𐼀𐼇𐼘 (ʾstʾwr)
    
    Syriac script: ܣܬܘܪ (stwr)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri: [script needed] (*stur-, “horse”)
  - ⇒ Ormuri: [script needed] (sturgd, “stable”)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *sᵊtewr
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: [script needed] (sətūr)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *sᵊtewr
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *sⁱtəur
      - Sarikoli: sĭtɛwr
      - Shughni: ситу̊р (sitū̊r), (Bartangi, Roshani) ситӯр (sitūr)
    - Yazghulami: сәтәр (sətər), стәр (stər)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *stáwrah
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫇𐫡 (ʾstwr, “horse”)
  - Zazaki: stor, hestor m (estor, “horse”)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (stwl /⁠stōr⁠/, “horse, mount; large cattle”)
  - Persian: ستور (sotur, “beast of burden”)

References

^ Čong (Cheung), Dž. (2009), T. K. Salbijeva, transl., Očerki istoričeskovo razvitija osetinskovo vokalizma [Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism] (in Russian), Vladikavkaz: Izdatelʹsko-poligrafičeskoje predprijatije im. V. Gassijeva, →ISBN, page 225
^ Edelman, D. I. (1980) History of the consonant systems of the North-Pamir Languages, in Indo-Iranian Journal
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), “stura-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 434a

[1] Čong (Cheung), Dž. (2009), T. K. Salbijeva, transl., Očerki istoričeskovo razvitija osetinskovo vokalizma [Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism] (in Russian), Vladikavkaz: Izdatelʹsko-poligrafičeskoje predprijatije im. V. Gassijeva, →ISBN, page 225

[2] Edelman, D. I. (1980) History of the consonant systems of the North-Pamir Languages, in Indo-Iranian Journal

[3] Bailey, H. W. (1979), “stura-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 434a

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