Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/yáwah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos.

Noun

*yáwah m

1. barley
2. cereal, grain

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yáwah	*yáwā(w)	*yáwāh(ah)
vocative	*yáwa	*yáwā(w)	*yáwāh(ah)
accusative	*yáwam	*yáwā(w)	*yáwānh
instrumental	*yáwaH	*yáwaybʰyā(m)	*yáwāyš
ablative	*yáwāt	*yáwaybʰyā(m)	*yáwaybʰyah
dative	*yáwāy	*yáwaybʰyā(m)	*yáwaybʰyah
genitive	*yáwahya	*yáwayāh	*yáwānaHam
locative	*yáway	*yáwayaw	*yáwayšu

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yauua)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian:
    • Ossetian: йӕу (jæw)
    • Wakhi: žaw, žow
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: ιαοι (iaoi), ιαο (iao), ιαοο (iaoo /⁠yaw⁠/)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: (/⁠yəwí⁠/)

        Sogdian script: 𐼷𐼴𐼷 (ywy)

        Manichaean script: 𐫏𐫇𐫏 (ywy)

      • Yaghnobi: [script needed] (yaw)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Parachi: [script needed] (žō)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
    • Munji: [script needed] (you)
    • Shughni: ǰav
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: ceh

    Central Kurdish: جۆ (co)

  • Old Median: *yáwah
    • Kermanic:

      Nayini: یَ (ya)

    • Talysh:

      Northern Talysh: یو (yəv)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: *yáwah
    • Middle Persian:

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /⁠jaw⁠/)

      • Persian: جو (jow)
      • →? Middle Armenian: ձաւար (jawar)
    • ⇒ Old Persian:
      • → Aramaic: [script needed] (ywdn, “grain-house”)

Further reading

• Abajev, V. I. (1958), Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 563–564