جو

See also: چو, خو, Appendix:Variations of "gu", and Appendix:Variations of "jo"

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaww/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaww/
  • (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /ʒaww/

Noun

جَوّ • (jaww) m (plural أَجْوَاء (ʔajwāʔ) or جِوَاء (jiwāʔ))

1. air (the apparently open space above the ground)

   Coordinate terms: بَحْر (baḥr), بَرّ (barr)

2. weather
3. atmosphere
4. (figurative) atmosphere (apparent mood)
5. wide valley
6. open pasture-ground
7. interior of a house

   Antonym: بَرّ (barr)

8. hall

Declension

Declension of noun جَوّ (jaww)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَوّ jaww	الْجَوّ al-jaww	جَوّ jaww
nominative	جَوٌّ jawwun	الْجَوُّ al-jawwu	جَوُّ jawwu
accusative	جَوًّا jawwan	الْجَوَّ al-jawwa	جَوَّ jawwa
genitive	جَوٍّ jawwin	الْجَوِّ al-jawwi	جَوِّ jawwi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَوَّيْن jawwayn	الْجَوَّيْن al-jawwayn	جَوَّيْ jawway
nominative	جَوَّانِ jawwāni	الْجَوَّانِ al-jawwāni	جَوَّا jawwā
accusative	جَوَّيْنِ jawwayni	الْجَوَّيْنِ al-jawwayni	جَوَّيْ jawway
genitive	جَوَّيْنِ jawwayni	الْجَوَّيْنِ al-jawwayni	جَوَّيْ jawway
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَجْوَاء; جِوَاء ʔajwāʔ; jiwāʔ	الْأَجْوَاء; الْجِوَاء al-ʔajwāʔ; al-jiwāʔ	أَجْوَاء; جِوَاء ʔajwāʔ; jiwāʔ
nominative	أَجْوَاءٌ; جِوَاءٌ ʔajwāʔun; jiwāʔun	الْأَجْوَاءُ; الْجِوَاءُ al-ʔajwāʔu; al-jiwāʔu	أَجْوَاءُ; جِوَاءُ ʔajwāʔu; jiwāʔu
accusative	أَجْوَاءً; جِوَاءً ʔajwāʔan; jiwāʔan	الْأَجْوَاءَ; الْجِوَاءَ al-ʔajwāʔa; al-jiwāʔa	أَجْوَاءَ; جِوَاءَ ʔajwāʔa; jiwāʔa
genitive	أَجْوَاءٍ; جِوَاءٍ ʔajwāʔin; jiwāʔin	الْأَجْوَاءِ; الْجِوَاءِ al-ʔajwāʔi; al-jiwāʔi	أَجْوَاءِ; جِوَاءِ ʔajwāʔi; jiwāʔi

Derived terms

• جَوِّيّ (jawwiyy)
• جَوَّانِيّ (jawwāniyy)
• جَوّ الْيَمَامَة (jaww al-yamāma, “Al-Yamama (ancient district in Saudi Arabia)”)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “جو”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Baluchi

Noun

جو • (joho)

1. barley

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /⁠jaw⁠/), from Old Persian *yáwaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *yáwah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaw/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒow]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

• Rhymes: -aw

Readings
Classical reading?	jaw
Dari reading?	jaw
Iranian reading?	jov
Tajik reading?	jav

Noun

Dari	جو
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷав

جو • (jaw / jov) (Tajik spelling ҷав)

1. barley
2. grain

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (joi) or Middle Persian [script needed] (yoi), from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎻𐎹𐎠 (yauviya), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaw(i)yā́ (“stream, canal”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish co and Sanskrit यव्या (yavyā).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒoː/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɵ]

• Rhymes: -oː

Readings
Classical reading?	jō
Dari reading?	jō
Iranian reading?	ju
Tajik reading?	jü

Noun

Dari	جو, جوی
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷӯ, ҷӯй

جو • (jō / ju) (Tajik spelling ҷӯ, or ҷӯй)

1. stream
2. brook
3. irrigation channel

Alternative forms

• جوی (juy)
• جوغ (juġ) (dialectal, Isfahan, southwestern Fars)
• جوق (juq) (dialectal, Abadan)
• جوب (jub) (dialectal)

Etymology 3

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww, “weather, environment”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaww/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæv(ː)]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

• Rhymes: -aww

Readings
Classical reading?	jaww
Dari reading?	jaww
Iranian reading?	javv
Tajik reading?	javv

Noun

جو • (jaw / jov) (Tajik spelling ҷав, or ҷавв)

1. air
2. sky
3. atmosphere

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒoː/, /ˈd͡ʒuː/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊː], [d͡ʒu]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɵ], [d͡ʒu]

• Rhymes: -oː, -uː

Readings
Classical reading?	jō, jū
Dari reading?	jō, jū
Iranian reading?	ju
Tajik reading?	jü, ju

Verb

جو • (ju)

1. present stem form of جستن (jostan), suffixed form indicating "seeker"/"seeking"

Derived terms

• جنگجو (jangju)
• دانشجو (dânešju)

Sindhi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognate with Kachchi જો (jo).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒoː/

Postposition

جو • (jo) (Devanagari जो)

1. of; genitive case marker
   • c. 1689 – 1752, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Shah Jo Risalo 1.1:

     اَوَلِ اللهُ عَلِيمُ، اَعلیٰ عالَمَ جو ڌَڻِي

     avali alāhu 'alīmu, ālā ālama jo dhaṇī

     • 2018 translation by Christopher Shackle

       First there is Allah, the all-knowing, the highest, the lord of the world.

Declension

Declension of جو (jo)

	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
direct	جو (jo)	جا (jā)		جِي (jī)	جُون (jū̃)
vocative	جا (jā)
oblique	جي (je)	جي (je), جَنِ (jani)		جي (je), جِيَ (jia)	جي (je), جُنِ (juni)

References

• Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988), “جو”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ
• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910), “جو”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• Trumpp, Ernest (1872), Grammar Of The Sindhi Language‎^[2], London, United Kingdom: Order of Her Majesty's Government for India, page 129

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ج و و
2 terms

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic جَوّ (jaww).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒaww/, [ʒaw]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

جوّ • (jaww) m (plural أجواء (ʔajwāʔ))

1. air

   Synonym: هوا (hawa)

2. atmosphere
3. weather

   Synonym: طقس (ṭaʔs)

Ternate

Noun

جو

1. Jawi spelling of joo‎‎, shortened form of جوو (joou).

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890), Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill

Tunisian Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic جَوّ (jaww, “weather, atmosphere”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʒæwː]

Noun

جو (jaww) m

1. fun
2. one's taste, interests, cup of tea

   الكُورَة مُوش جَوِّي

   l-kūra mūš jawwi

   Soccer isn't one of my interests

3. atmosphere

Adjective

جو (jaww)

1. fun

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑁄 (jo), from Sanskrit यः (yáḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒoː/
• Rhymes: -oː
• Hyphenation: جو

Noun

جو • (jo) m or f by sense

1. the relative pronoun:
   1. who; whoever
   2. whichever
   3. whatever

Declension

Pronoun declension of جو

	singular	plural
direct	جو (jo)	جے (je (obsolete))
indirect	جِس (jis)	جِن (jin)
ergative	جِس نے (jis ne)	جِنھوں نے (jinhõ ne)
genitive	جِس کا (jis kā)	جِن کا (jin kā)
dative	جِسے, جِس کو (jise, jis ko)	جِنِہیں, جِن کو (jinhẽ, jin ko)

See also

• Appendix:Urdu correlatives

Further reading

• Fallon, S. W. (1879), “جو”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “جو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “جو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• “جو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
• John Shakespear (1834), “جو”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
• “جو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.