جو

See also: چو, خو, Appendix:Variations of "gu", and Appendix:Variations of "jo"

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaww/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaww/
  • (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /ʒaww/

Noun

جَوّ • (jaww) m (dual جَوَّانِ (jawwāni), plural أَجْوَاء (ʔajwāʔ) or جِوَاء (jiwāʔ))

1. air (the apparently open space above the ground)

   Coordinate terms: بَحْر (baḥr), بَرّ (barr)

2. weather
3. atmosphere
4. (figurative) atmosphere (apparent mood)
5. wide valley
6. open pasture-ground
7. interior of a house

   Antonym: بَرّ (barr)

8. hall

Declension

Declension of noun جَوّ (jaww)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَوّ jaww	الْجَوّ al-jaww	جَوّ jaww
nominative	جَوٌّ jawwun	الْجَوُّ al-jawwu	جَوُّ jawwu
accusative	جَوًّا jawwan	الْجَوَّ al-jawwa	جَوَّ jawwa
genitive	جَوٍّ jawwin	الْجَوِّ al-jawwi	جَوِّ jawwi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَوَّيْن jawwayn	الْجَوَّيْن al-jawwayn	جَوَّيْ jawway
nominative	جَوَّانِ jawwāni	الْجَوَّانِ al-jawwāni	جَوَّا jawwā
accusative	جَوَّيْنِ jawwayni	الْجَوَّيْنِ al-jawwayni	جَوَّيْ jawway
genitive	جَوَّيْنِ jawwayni	الْجَوَّيْنِ al-jawwayni	جَوَّيْ jawway
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَجْوَاء‎; جِوَاء ʔajwāʔ‎; jiwāʔ	الْأَجْوَاء‎; الْجِوَاء al-ʔajwāʔ‎; al-jiwāʔ	أَجْوَاء‎; جِوَاء ʔajwāʔ‎; jiwāʔ
nominative	أَجْوَاءٌ‎; جِوَاءٌ ʔajwāʔun‎; jiwāʔun	الْأَجْوَاءُ‎; الْجِوَاءُ al-ʔajwāʔu‎; al-jiwāʔu	أَجْوَاءُ‎; جِوَاءُ ʔajwāʔu‎; jiwāʔu
accusative	أَجْوَاءً‎; جِوَاءً ʔajwāʔan‎; jiwāʔan	الْأَجْوَاءَ‎; الْجِوَاءَ al-ʔajwāʔa‎; al-jiwāʔa	أَجْوَاءَ‎; جِوَاءَ ʔajwāʔa‎; jiwāʔa
genitive	أَجْوَاءٍ‎; جِوَاءٍ ʔajwāʔin‎; jiwāʔin	الْأَجْوَاءِ‎; الْجِوَاءِ al-ʔajwāʔi‎; al-jiwāʔi	أَجْوَاءِ‎; جِوَاءِ ʔajwāʔi‎; jiwāʔi

Derived terms

• جَوِّيّ (jawwiyy)
• جَوَّانِيّ (jawwāniyy)
• جَوّ الْيَمَامَة (jaww al-yamāma, “Al-Yamama (ancient district in Saudi Arabia)”)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جو”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Baluchi

Noun

جو • (joho)

1. barley

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /⁠jaw⁠/), from Old Persian *yáwaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *yáwah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒaw]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒow]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

Readings
Classical reading?	jaw
Dari reading?	jaw
Iranian reading?	jow
Tajik reading?	jav

Noun

Dari	جو
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷав

جو • (jow)

1. barley
2. grain

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (joi) or Middle Persian [script needed] (yoi), from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎻𐎹𐎠 (yauviya), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaw(i)yā́ (“stream, canal”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish co and Sanskrit यव्या (yavyā).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɵ]

Readings
Classical reading?	jō
Dari reading?	jō
Iranian reading?	ju
Tajik reading?	jü

Noun

Dari	جو, جوی
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷӯ, ҷӯй

جو • (ju)

1. stream
2. brook
3. irrigation channel

Alternative forms

• جوی (juy)
• جوغ (juġ) (dialectal, Isfahan, southwestern Fars)
• جوق (juq) (dialectal, Abadan)
• جوب (jub) (dialectal)

Etymology 3

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww, “weather, environment”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒaww]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæv(ː)]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

Readings
Classical reading?	jaww
Dari reading?	jaww
Iranian reading?	javv
Tajik reading?	javv

Noun

جو • (javv)

1. air
2. sky
3. atmosphere

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊː], [d͡ʒu]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɵ], [d͡ʒu]

Readings
Classical reading?	jō, jū
Dari reading?	jō, jū
Iranian reading?	ju
Tajik reading?	jü, ju

Verb

جو • (ju)

1. present stem form of جستن (jostan), suffixed form indicating "seeker"/"seeking"

Derived terms

• جنگجو (jangju)
• دانشجو (dânešju)

Sindhi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo]

Preposition

جو • (jo) (Devanagari जो)

1. of; genitive case marker

References

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “جو”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “جو”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ج و و
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒaww/, [ʒaw]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

جوّ • (jaww) m (plural أجواء (ʔajwāʔ))

1. air

   Synonym: هوا (hawa)

2. atmosphere
3. weather

   Synonym: طقس (ṭaʔs)

Ternate

Noun

جو

1. Jawi spelling of joo‎‎, shortened form of جوو (joou).

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑁄 (jo), from Sanskrit यः (yáḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒoː/
• Rhymes: -oː
• Hyphenation: جو

Noun

جو • (jo) m or f by sense (Hindi spelling जो)

1. the relative pronoun:
   1. who; whoever
   2. whichever
   3. whatever

Declension

Pronoun declension of جو

	singular	plural
direct	جو (jo)	جے (je (obsolete))
indirect	جِس (jis)	جِن (jin)
ergative	جِس نے (jis ne)	جِنھوں نے (jinhõ ne)
genitive	جِس کا (jis kā)	جِن کا (jin kā)
dative	جِسے, جِس کو (jise, jis ko)	جِنِہیں, جِن کو (jinhẽ, jin ko)

See also

• Appendix:Urdu correlatives

Further reading

• S. W. Fallon (1879) “جو”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “جو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “جو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• “جو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
• John Shakespear (1834) “جو”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
• “جو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.