بحر

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See also: تخر‎, بجز‎, تجز‎, and تجر‎

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-West Semitic *baḥr- (“sea”), from the root ب ح ر‎ (b-ḥ-r).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /baħr/
  • Audio(file)

Noun[edit]

بَحْر • (baḥr) m (plural بِحَار‎ (biḥār) or بُحُور‎ (buḥūr) or أَبْحُر‎ (ʔabḥur))

  1. verbal noun of بَحَرَ (baḥara) (form I)
  2. sea
    Coordinate terms: بَرّ‎ (barr), جَوّ‎ (jaww)
    ‏فِي الْصَّيْفِ، نُحِبُّ قِضَاءَ وَقْتٍ مُمْتَعٍ عَلَى شَوَاطِئِ الْبَحْرِ.‎‎
    fī l-ṣṣayfi, nuḥibbu qiḍāʔa waqtin mumtaʕin ʕalā šawāṭiʔi l-baḥri.
    In the summer, we love spending enjoyable time on the seashore.
  3. large river
  4. a noble or great man (possessed of a sea of knowledge, experience and wisdom)
  5. (poetry) poetic meter
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun بَحْر (baḥr)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَحْر
baḥr 		الْبَحْر‎
al-baḥr 		بَحْر
baḥr
Nominative بَحْرٌ
baḥrun 		الْبَحْرُ‎
al-baḥru 		بَحْرُ
baḥru
Accusative بَحْرًا‎
baḥran 		الْبَحْرَ‎
al-baḥra 		بَحْرَ
baḥra
Genitive بَحْرٍ
baḥrin 		الْبَحْرِ‎
al-baḥri 		بَحْرِ
baḥri
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَحْرَيْن‎
baḥrayn 		الْبَحْرَيْن‎
al-baḥrayn 		بَحْرَيْ‎
baḥray
Nominative بَحْرَانِ‎
baḥrāni 		الْبَحْرَانِ‎
al-baḥrāni 		بَحْرَا‎
baḥrā
Accusative بَحْرَيْنِ‎
baḥrayni 		الْبَحْرَيْنِ‎
al-baḥrayni 		بَحْرَيْ‎
baḥray
Genitive بَحْرَيْنِ‎
baḥrayni 		الْبَحْرَيْنِ‎
al-baḥrayni 		بَحْرَيْ‎
baḥray
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بِحَار‎‎; بُحُور‎‎; أَبْحُر‎
biḥār‎; buḥūr‎; ʔabḥur 		الْبِحَار‎‎; الْبُحُور‎‎; الْأَبْحُر‎
al-biḥār‎; al-buḥūr‎; al-ʔabḥur 		بِحَار‎‎; بُحُور‎‎; أَبْحُر‎
biḥār‎; buḥūr‎; ʔabḥur
Nominative بِحَارٌ‎‎; بُحُورٌ‎‎; أَبْحُرٌ‎
biḥārun‎; buḥūrun‎; ʔabḥurun 		الْبِحَارُ‎‎; الْبُحُورُ‎‎; الْأَبْحُرُ‎
al-biḥāru‎; al-buḥūru‎; al-ʔabḥuru 		بِحَارُ‎‎; بُحُورُ‎‎; أَبْحُرُ‎
biḥāru‎; buḥūru‎; ʔabḥuru
Accusative بِحَارًا‎‎; بُحُورًا‎‎; أَبْحُرًا‎
biḥāran‎; buḥūran‎; ʔabḥuran 		الْبِحَارَ‎‎; الْبُحُورَ‎‎; الْأَبْحُرَ‎
al-biḥāra‎; al-buḥūra‎; al-ʔabḥura 		بِحَارَ‎‎; بُحُورَ‎‎; أَبْحُرَ‎
biḥāra‎; buḥūra‎; ʔabḥura
Genitive بِحَارٍ‎‎; بُحُورٍ‎‎; أَبْحُرٍ‎
biḥārin‎; buḥūrin‎; ʔabḥurin 		الْبِحَارِ‎‎; الْبُحُورِ‎‎; الْأَبْحُرِ‎
al-biḥāri‎; al-buḥūri‎; al-ʔabḥuri 		بِحَارِ‎‎; بُحُورِ‎‎; أَبْحُرِ‎
biḥāri‎; buḥūri‎; ʔabḥuri
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Descendants
  • Gulf Arabic: بَحَر‎ (bəḥər)
  • Maltese: baħar
  • Moroccan Arabic: بحر‎ (bḥar)
  • → Azerbaijani: bəhr
  • → Bengali: বহর (bohor)
  • → Lishana Deni: בחר‎ (baḥḥaṛ)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: بحر‎ (baḥr)
  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਬਹਿਰ (bahir)
    Shahmukhi script: بہر‎ (bhr)
  • → Swahili: bahari
  • → Uzbek: bahr
  • → Zaghawa: bahar

Etymology 2[edit]

Denominal verb from بَحْر‎ (baḥr, “sea”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

بَحَّرَ • (baḥḥara) II, non-past يُبَحِّرُ‎‎ (yubaḥḥiru)

  1. to travel by sea, to make a voyage
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
بَحَّرَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
tabḥīr
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
mubaḥḥir
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mubaḥḥar
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
baḥḥartu
baḥḥarta
بَحَّرَ

baḥḥara
baḥḥartumā
baḥḥarā
baḥḥarnā
baḥḥartum
baḥḥarū
f
baḥḥarti
baḥḥarat
baḥḥaratā
baḥḥartunna
baḥḥarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔubaḥḥiru
tubaḥḥiru
yubaḥḥiru
tubaḥḥirāni
yubaḥḥirāni
nubaḥḥiru
tubaḥḥirūna
yubaḥḥirūna
f
tubaḥḥirīna
tubaḥḥiru
tubaḥḥirāni
tubaḥḥirna
yubaḥḥirna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔubaḥḥira
tubaḥḥira
yubaḥḥira
tubaḥḥirā
yubaḥḥirā
nubaḥḥira
tubaḥḥirū
yubaḥḥirū
f
tubaḥḥirī
tubaḥḥira
tubaḥḥirā
tubaḥḥirna
yubaḥḥirna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔubaḥḥir
tubaḥḥir
yubaḥḥir
tubaḥḥirā
yubaḥḥirā
nubaḥḥir
tubaḥḥirū
yubaḥḥirū
f
tubaḥḥirī
tubaḥḥir
tubaḥḥirā
tubaḥḥirna
yubaḥḥirna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
بَحِّرْ

baḥḥir
baḥḥirā
baḥḥirū
f
baḥḥirī
baḥḥirna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m — —
بُحِّرَ

buḥḥira 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m — —
yubaḥḥaru 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m — —
yubaḥḥara 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m — —
yubaḥḥar 		— — — — —
f — — — — —

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

بَحِرَ • (baḥira) I, non-past يَبْحَرُ‎‎ (yabḥaru)

  1. to be startled, to be bewildered with fright
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
بَحِرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun بَحَر)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
بَحَر

baḥar
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
bāḥir
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
baḥirtu
baḥirta
بَحِرَ

baḥira
baḥirtumā
baḥirā
baḥirnā
baḥirtum
baḥirū
f
baḥirti
baḥirat
baḥiratā
baḥirtunna
baḥirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔabḥaru
tabḥaru
yabḥaru
tabḥarāni
yabḥarāni
nabḥaru
tabḥarūna
yabḥarūna
f
tabḥarīna
tabḥaru
tabḥarāni
tabḥarna
yabḥarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔabḥara
tabḥara
yabḥara
tabḥarā
yabḥarā
nabḥara
tabḥarū
yabḥarū
f
tabḥarī
tabḥara
tabḥarā
tabḥarna
yabḥarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔabḥar
tabḥar
yabḥar
tabḥarā
yabḥarā
nabḥar
tabḥarū
yabḥarū
f
tabḥarī
tabḥar
tabḥarā
tabḥarna
yabḥarna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
ibḥar
ibḥarā
ibḥarū
f
ibḥarī
ibḥarna

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

بَحَرَ • (baḥara) I, non-past يَبْحَرُ‎‎ (yabḥaru)

  1. to slit, to cut lengthwise
  2. to split
  3. to enlarge, to make wide
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
بَحَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun بَحْر)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
بَحْر

baḥr
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
bāḥir
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mabḥūr
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
baḥartu
baḥarta
بَحَرَ

baḥara
baḥartumā
baḥarā
baḥarnā
baḥartum
baḥarū
f
baḥarti
baḥarat
baḥaratā
baḥartunna
baḥarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔabḥaru
tabḥaru
yabḥaru
tabḥarāni
yabḥarāni
nabḥaru
tabḥarūna
yabḥarūna
f
tabḥarīna
tabḥaru
tabḥarāni
tabḥarna
yabḥarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔabḥara
tabḥara
yabḥara
tabḥarā
yabḥarā
nabḥara
tabḥarū
yabḥarū
f
tabḥarī
tabḥara
tabḥarā
tabḥarna
yabḥarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔabḥar
tabḥar
yabḥar
tabḥarā
yabḥarā
nabḥar
tabḥarū
yabḥarū
f
tabḥarī
tabḥar
tabḥarā
tabḥarna
yabḥarna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
ibḥar
ibḥarā
ibḥarū
f
ibḥarī
ibḥarna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
buḥirtu
buḥirta
بُحِرَ

buḥira
buḥirtumā
buḥirā
buḥirnā
buḥirtum
buḥirū
f
buḥirti
buḥirat
buḥiratā
buḥirtunna
buḥirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔubḥaru
tubḥaru
yubḥaru
tubḥarāni
yubḥarāni
nubḥaru
tubḥarūna
yubḥarūna
f
tubḥarīna
tubḥaru
tubḥarāni
tubḥarna
yubḥarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔubḥara
tubḥara
yubḥara
tubḥarā
yubḥarā
nubḥara
tubḥarū
yubḥarū
f
tubḥarī
tubḥara
tubḥarā
tubḥarna
yubḥarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔubḥar
tubḥar
yubḥar
tubḥarā
yubḥarā
nubḥar
tubḥarū
yubḥarū
f
tubḥarī
tubḥar
tubḥarā
tubḥarna
yubḥarna

Etymology 5[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

بَحَر • (baḥar) m

  1. verbal noun of بَحِرَ (baḥira) (form I)
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun بَحَر (baḥar)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَحَر
baḥar 		الْبَحَر‎
al-baḥar 		بَحَر
baḥar
Nominative بَحَرٌ
baḥarun 		الْبَحَرُ‎
al-baḥaru 		بَحَرُ
baḥaru
Accusative بَحَرًا‎
baḥaran 		الْبَحَرَ‎
al-baḥara 		بَحَرَ
baḥara
Genitive بَحَرٍ
baḥarin 		الْبَحَرِ‎
al-baḥari 		بَحَرِ
baḥari

References[edit]

  • Freytag, Georg (1830), “بحر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 87–88
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “بحر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 88–89
  • Lane, Edward William (1863), “بحر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 156–157
  • Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “بحر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 66–67

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic بَحْر‎ (baḥr).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

بحر • (baḥar) m (plural بحور‎ (buḥūr) or بحار‎ (biḥār))

  1. sea
  2. beach

Moroccan Arabic[edit]

Root
ب ح ر‎
1 term

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic بَحْر‎ (baḥr).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

بحر • (bḥar) m (plural بحور‎ (bḥūr) or بحار‎ (bḥār))

  1. sea
  2. beach

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic بَحْر‎ (baḥr).

Noun[edit]

بحر • (bahr)

  1. (geography) sea
    Synonyms: دكز‎, دریا‎

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Redhouse, J. W. (1884), “sea”, in A Lexicon, English and Turkish, 3rd edition, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 667

Pashto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic بَحْر‎ (baḥr).

Noun[edit]

بحر • (bahr) m

  1. sea
  2. (Poetry) meter, rhythm

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic بَحْر‎ (baḥr).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? bahr
Dari reading? bahr
Iranian reading? bahr
Tajik reading? bahr

Noun[edit]

Dari بحر
Iranian Persian
Tajik баҳр

بَحْر • (bahr)

  1. (Dari) sea
    Synonym: دَریا‎ (daryâ)

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ب ح ر‎
2 terms

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic بَحْر‎ (baḥr).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ba.ħar/, [ˈbɑ.ħɑrˤ]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Noun[edit]

بحر • (baḥar) m (plural أبحار‎ (ʔabḥār) or بحار‎ (bḥār) or بحور‎ (bḥūr))

  1. sea

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Urdu[edit]

Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ur
Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ur

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian بحر‎ (bahr), from Arabic بَحْر‎ (baḥr).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

بَحْر • (bahr) m (formal plural بحار‎, Hindi spelling बहर)

  1. (geography) ocean
    ‏بحرِ ہند‎ ― bahr-e-hind ― Indian Ocean
  2. sea
  3. meter

Synonyms[edit]

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