Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/tergen

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Etymology

Perhaps related to Proto-Tungusic *turki (“sleigh”) (Even турки (turki), Nanai токи (toki)), Nivkh т’у (tʼu) or Korean 달구지 (dalguji, “cart”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*tergen

1. cart

Descendants

• Middle Mongol:
  • Mongolian: ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ (tergen), ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ (terge)
  • Arabic: تيركان (tergen)
  • Chinese: 忒兒根 (tergen) (Beilu Yiyu)
• Mongolian:
  • Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ (terge)
  • Khalkha Mongolian: тэрэг (tereg)
  • Ordos Mongolian: [Term?] (/⁠tʰerge⁠/)
• Kalmyk: тергн (tergn)
• Buryat: тэргэ(н) (terge(n))
• Khamnigan Mongol: terge(n)
• Daur: tereg
• East Yugur: tergen
  • → Western Yugur: terɣen
• Monguor:
  • Mangghuer: tiriga
  • Mongghul: tierge
• Dongxiang: qierge, qiereigvan
• Tungusic:
  • → Evenki: тэргэ (tərgə), тэрга (tərga)
  • → Evenki: тэргэн (tərgən)
  • → Manchu: ᠰᡝᠵᡝᠨ (sejen, “cart”), ᠰᡝᠵᡝᠰᡳ (sejesi, “coachman”) (from *tergeci)
• Turkic:
  • → Tuvan: тэргэ (terge)
  • → Tofa: тэргэ

References

• Nugteren, Hans (2011), Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 519
• Cincius, V. I. (1977), Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 238
• Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill