Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/biti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰih₂yéti.^[1]

Verb

*bìti impf^[1]^[2]

to beat

Inflection

Conjugation of *biti, *bi(tъ), *bьjetь (impf., -V-, t-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bitьje	*biti	*bitъ	*bilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*bitъ	*bьjemъ
Active	*bivъ	*bьję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bixъ	*bi(tъ)	*bi(tъ)	*bьjǫ	*bьješi	*bьjetь
Dual	*bixově	*bista	*biste	*bьjevě	*bьjeta	*bьjete
Plural	*bixomъ	*biste	*bišę	*bьjemъ	*bьjete	*bьjǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bьjaaxъ	*bьjaaše	*bьjaaše	—	*bьji	*bьji
Dual	*bьjaaxově	*bьjaašeta	*bьjaašete	*bьjivě	*bьjita	—
Plural	*bьjaaxomъ	*bьjaašete	*bьjaaxǫ	*bьjimъ	*bьjite	—

Derived terms

*bivati
*ubiti
*bičь (“whip, lash”)
- *običь
*bidlo
- *bidlьce
  - *nabidlci, *nabidlьca
- *bidlьnъ / *bidlьna
  - *nabidlьnica
- *nabidlo
- *nabidlъka
*bijakъ
*bijьca / *bijьcь
*biteljь
*bitva (“battle, fight”)
*bitъ
*bitati (“to manage, to handle a device”)
*bitъka
*bitьcь
*bitьje
*bitьnъ
*Bivojь
*bivьcь / *bivьca
*nabiti
- *nabijati
  - *nabivati
- *nabojь
  - *nabojina
  - *nabojьnъ
- *nabojьka
*obiti
- *obijati
  - *obijačь
  - *obijakъ
- *obitъkъ, *obitъka
- *obitьje
- *obivati
- *obojь
  - *obojьkъ, *obojьka
*orzbiti
- *orzbijati
- *orzbitina
- *orzbitъkъ
- *orzbitьje
- *orzbitьnъ
- *orzbivati
- *orzbojь
*otъbiti
- *otъbijati
- *otъbitъkъ / *otъbitъka
- *otъbitьje
- *otъbivati
  - *otъbivъ
    - *otъbivъka / *otъbivъkъ
  - *otъbivьnъ
- *otъbojь
*zabiti
- *zabijati
*perbiti

Related terms

*bojь (“battle, fight”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: бити (biti)
  - Old Ruthenian: бити (biti)
    - Belarusian: біць (bicʹ)
    - Ukrainian: би́ти (býty)
  - Russian: бить (bitʹ)
- Old Novgorodian: бити (biti)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: ⰱⰻⱅⰻ (biti)
  
  Old Cyrillic script: бити (biti)
- Bulgarian: би́я (bíja)
- Macedonian: бие (bie)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: би̏ти
  
  Latin script: bȉti
- Slovene: bíti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: bíti
  - Czech: bít
- Old Polish: bić
  - Polish: bić
  - Silesian: bić
- Polabian: bai̯t
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: bic
  - Slovincian: bjic
- Old Slovak: biť
  - Pannonian Rusyn: биц (bic)
  - Slovak: biť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: bić
  - Lower Sorbian: biś

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 41: “v. (a) ‘beat’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “bijǫ -ti”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 204, 212f., 246; MP 23, 27); b (PR 136)”