Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrgati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirˀg-, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥Hgʰ, from the root *derHgʰ- (given as *derHǵʰ- in Derksen, but this is likely a typo). Cognate with Lithuanian dìrginti (“to irritate”), dìrgti (“to become weak”) and Latvian dragât (“to pull, to tear”), derglît (“to tear, to split”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *targijaną (“to tarry, to pull”).

In some dialects, *dьrgati has overlapped with forms of Proto-Slavic *drъgati (“to shake off, to tremble”).

Verb

*dьrgati impf (perfective *dьrnǫti)

1. to comb, to pluck
2. to pull, to tug, to jerk

Conjugation

Conjugation of *dьrgati, *dьrga, *dьrgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dьrganьje	*dьrgati	*dьrgatъ	*dьrgalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dьrganъ	*dьrgajemъ
Active	*dьrgavъ	*dьrgaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьrgaxъ	*dьrga	*dьrga	*dьrgajǫ	*dьrgaješi	*dьrgajetь
Dual	*dьrgaxově	*dьrgasta	*dьrgaste	*dьrgajevě	*dьrgajeta	*dьrgajete
Plural	*dьrgaxomъ	*dьrgaste	*dьrgašę	*dьrgajemъ	*dьrgajete	*dьrgajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьrgaaxъ	*dьrgaaše	*dьrgaaše	—	*dьrgaji	*dьrgaji
Dual	*dьrgaaxově	*dьrgaašeta	*dьrgaašete	*dьrgajivě	*dьrgajita	—
Plural	*dьrgaaxomъ	*dьrgaašete	*dьrgaaxǫ	*dьrgajimъ	*dьrgajite	—

Related terms

• *derti, *dьrati (“to tear”)
• *dьrnǫti
• *dòrga (“road, way”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: дръгати (drŭgati)
    • Belarusian: до́ргаць (dórhacʹ)
    • Russian: дёргать (djórgatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: де́ргати (dérhaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: дъ́рзам (dǎ́rzam), дъ́ргам (dǎ́rgam)
  • Slovene: dŕgati (tonal orthography)
  • Serbo-Croatian: дркати,
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: drhat
  • Polish: dziergać, dzierzgać
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: źergaś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “дёргать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 242
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrgati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 221
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дергать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дързам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 462