Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”), reanalyzed form of an earlier *dertì.

Verb

*dьràti impf^[1]^[2]^[3]

to tear, to flay

Conjugation

Intensive derivative: *-dirati

Conjugation of *dьrati, *dьra, *deretь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dьranьje	*dьrati	*dьratъ	*dьralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dьranъ	*deromъ
Active	*dьravъ	*dery

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьraxъ	*dьra	*dьra	*derǫ	*dereši	*deretь
Dual	*dьraxově	*dьrasta	*dьraste	*derevě	*dereta	*derete
Plural	*dьraxomъ	*dьraste	*dьrašę	*deremъ	*derete	*derǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьraaxъ	*dьraaše	*dьraaše	—	*deri	*deri
Dual	*dьraaxově	*dьraašeta	*dьraašete	*derěvě	*derěta	—
Plural	*dьraaxomъ	*dьraašete	*dьraaxǫ	*derěmъ	*derěte	—

Derived terms

*derьmo (“turd”)
*dira, *diřa (“trace, trail, crack”)
*dьranь (“tearing, skinning”)
*dьravъ (“robust, impetuous”)
*dьrnъ (“piece, chunk; toft, sod”)
*dьrtь (“chunk”)
*dьrtъ (“ragged, torn, old”)
*dorkъ (“thorn, scandal”)

Related terms

*dьrbàti, *dьrbiti (“to scribe, to draw; to gulp”)
*dьrdàti (“to chop, to cut”)
*dьrgàti (“to rub, to scrub”)
*dьrkàti, *dьrčàti (“to jingle, to buzz”)
*dьrliti (“to quarrel, to scold”)
*dьrmàti (“to shake, to jiggle”)
*dьrpàti (“to pluck, to pull”)
*dьrtěti (“to ripen, to get old”)
*dorъ (“tearing, cleansing”)
*draskàti (“to scratch”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дра́ти (dráti)^[4]
  - Belarusian: дра́ць (drácʹ)
  - Russian: дра́ть (drátʹ)
  - Ukrainian: дра́ти (dráty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: дьрати (dĭrati)
- Bulgarian: дера́ (derá)
- Macedonian: дере (dere)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: дра̏ти, дѐрати
  
  Latin: drȁti, dèrati
- Slovene: dẹ̑rati (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
West Slavic:
- Czech: drát
- Polabian: derĕ (3sg.)
- Old Polish: drać
- Slovak: drať
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: draś

References

^ Nikolajev, S. L. (2014), “K rekonstrukcii akcentnyx klassov balto-slavjanskix glagolov*”, in Balto-slavjanskije issledovanija – XIX, Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: The work was carried out with the support of the basic research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dьrati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “v. ‘tear, flay’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “dьrati: derǫ deretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 236; PR 139)”
^ Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2014), “Drevnerusskoje udarenije. Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ”, in Languages of Slavic Culture‎^[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 278: “дра́ти ― dráti”

[1] Nikolajev, S. L. (2014), “K rekonstrukcii akcentnyx klassov balto-slavjanskix glagolov*”, in Balto-slavjanskije issledovanija – XIX, Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: The work was carried out with the support of the basic research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dьrati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “v. ‘tear, flay’”

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001), “dьrati: derǫ deretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 236; PR 139)”

[4] Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2014), “Drevnerusskoje udarenije. Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ”, in Languages of Slavic Culture‎^[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 278: “дра́ти ― dráti”

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