Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jaro

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *jeˀro-, from Proto-Indo-European *yōro- or *yēro- (“year”).^[1]

Cognate with Lithuanian jė́ras (“lamb”), Latvian ję̃rs (“lamb”), Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬭- (yār-, “year”), Ancient Greek ὥρᾱ (hṓrā, “any defined period of time, season, year”), Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year”), Latin hōrnus (“of this year”).

Noun

*jȃro n^[2]^[3]^[4]

spring
Synonym: *vesnà

Declension

Declension of *jȃro (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jȃro	*jȃrě	*jarà
genitive	*jȃra	*jarù	*jãrъ
dative	*jȃru	*jaromà	*jaròmъ
accusative	*jȃro	*jȃrě	*jarà
instrumental	jȃrъmь, jȃromь^*	*jaromà	*jarý
locative	*jȃrě	*jarù	*jarě̃xъ
vocative	*jaro	*jȃrě	*jarà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms

Alternative reconstructions

*ěro (Derksen)

Derived terms

Descendants

West Slavic:
- Czech: jaro
- Polish: jaro (dated)
- Slovak: jaro
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: jaro (dated)
- → Lithuanian: Jorė

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ěro; *ěra; *ěrъ I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jaro / *jara / *jarъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 175
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “jaro”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 116, 135)”
^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “jary I”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 204