Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫsati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀstei from an earlier form **kanˀdtei.
Per Vasmer, derived from *kǫ̑sъ (“piece”); but per Trubachev, the noun is derived from the verb. Cognate with Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”) (1sg. kándu), Latvian kuôst (“to bite”) (1sg. kuôžu). Possibly cognate with some or all of Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “knife, blade, prong”), κνώδαλον (knṓdalon, “wild beast”), Old High German hantag (“sharp, cutting”), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to chew, to bite”), Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”), Old Armenian խածանեմ (xacanem, “to bite”). Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀd-, from which a Proto-Indo-European root such as *k(ʷ)end- or *k(ʷ)enHd(ʰ)- can be constructed.
Verb[edit]
- to bite
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of *kǫsati, *kǫsa, *kǫsajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kǫsanьje | *kǫsati | *kǫsatъ | *kǫsalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kǫsanъ | *kǫsajemъ |
| Active | *kǫsavъ | *kǫsaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kǫsaxъ | *kǫsa | *kǫsa | *kǫsajǫ | *kǫsaješi | *kǫsajetь |
| Dual | *kǫsaxově | *kǫsasta | *kǫsaste | *kǫsajevě | *kǫsajeta | *kǫsajete |
| Plural | *kǫsaxomъ | *kǫsaste | *kǫsašę | *kǫsajemъ | *kǫsajete | *kǫsajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kǫsaaxъ | *kǫsaaše | *kǫsaaše | — | *kǫsaji | *kǫsaji |
| Dual | *kǫsaaxově | *kǫsaašeta | *kǫsaašete | *kǫsajivě | *kǫsajita | — |
| Plural | *kǫsaaxomъ | *kǫsaašete | *kǫsaaxǫ | *kǫsajimъ | *kǫsajite | — |
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “куса́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кус”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫsati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 65
References[edit]
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kǫsati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 243: “v. ‘bite’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kọ̑s”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kǫsa̋ti”