Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kydnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the root of *kydati + *-nǫti.

Verb

*kydnǫti pf (imperfective *kydati)

1. to throw, to fling

Inflection

Conjugation of *kydnǫti, *kydnǫ, *kydnetь (perf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kydnovenьje	*kydnǫti	*kydnǫtъ	*kydnǫlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kydnovenъ	—
Active	*kydnǫvъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kydnǫxъ	*kydnǫ	*kydnǫ	*kydnǫ	*kydneši	*kydnetь
Dual	*kydnǫxově	*kydnǫsta	*kydnǫste	*kydnevě	*kydneta	*kydnete
Plural	*kydnǫxomъ	*kydnǫste	*kydnǫšę	*kydnemъ	*kydnete	*kydnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*kydni	*kydni
Dual	—	—	—	*kydněvě	*kydněta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*kydněmъ	*kydněte	—

Notes:
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Conjugation of *kydnǫti, *kyde, *kydnetь (perf., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kydenьje	*kydnǫti	*kydnǫtъ	*kydlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kydenъ	—
Active	*kydъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kyd(ox)ъ	*kyde	*kyde	*kydnǫ	*kydneši	*kydnetь
Dual	*kyd(ox)ově	*kyd(e/os)ta	*kyd(e/os)te	*kydnevě	*kydneta	*kydnete
Plural	*kyd(ox)omъ	*kyd(e/os)te	*kydǫ, *kydošę	*kydnemъ	*kydnete	*kydnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*kydni	*kydni
Dual	—	—	—	*kydněvě	*kydněta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*kydněmъ	*kydněte	—

Notes:
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Related terms

• *kydati

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кꙑнꙋти (kynuti), кинꙋти (kinuti)
    • Belarusian: кі́нуць (kínucʹ)
    • Russian: ки́нуть (kínutʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ки́нути (kýnuty)
• South Slavic:
  • Church Slavonic: кꙑнѫти (kynǫti)
  • Bulgarian: ки́на (kína) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: кине (kine)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ки̏нути

    Latin script: kȉnuti

  • Slovene: kíniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kydnout
  • Old Polish: kinąć
    • Polish: kinąć (obsolete)
  • Slovak: kydnúť
  • Slovincian: kjynõc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kinyć
    • Lower Sorbian: kinuś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кида́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 560
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kydnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 253
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “ки́дати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka