Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rarogъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*rarogъ

Etymology

Usually believed to be from *rarъ (“noise”) or *rarati (“to make noise”) + *-ogъ. If not, from *rajati (“to make noise”) + *-ogъ. The name refers to the sounds the bird makes. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *rā-, compare Lithuanian rojóti (“to crow”), Proto-Germanic *rairāną (“to roar”).

Since some descendants (Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Ukrainian (from Polish)), or their derivatives, mean “devil”, “demon”, “gnome” etc., some scholars tried to connect the word with *Sъvarogъ (“Svarog (Slavic god of fire)”), with *rarogъ being Svarog's bird demonized durning Christianization. However, both words have different etymologies, and the oldest attestations of these words (Old Czech, Old Polish, Old Ruthenian) mean only “saker”.

Noun

*rarogъ m

1. saker (any bird of the species Falco cherrug)

Related terms

verbs

• *rarati impf (“to make noise”)

 

Declension

Declension of *rarogъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rarogъ	*raroga	*rarodzi
genitive	*raroga	*rarogu	*rarogъ
dative	*rarogu	*rarogoma	*rarogomъ
accusative	*rarogъ	*raroga	*rarogy
instrumental	*rarogъmь, *rarogomь*	*rarogoma	*rarogy
locative	*rarodzě	*rarogu	*rarodzěxъ
vocative	*rarože	*raroga	*rarodzi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: раров (“species of eagle”) (dialectal)

    Latin script: rarov (“species of eagle”) (dialectal)

  • >? Serbo-Croatian: rarog (“lobster”) (Croatia)
    • Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: rȁrog, rarȍg (“lobster”)
      • → Slovene: rárog (“lobster”)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: raroh
    • Czech: raroh
  • Kashubian: raróg
  • Old Polish: raróg
    • Polish: raróg; reróg (dialectal)
      • → Old Lithuanian: raragas
    • →? Old Ruthenian: рарогъ (raroh), рарѡгъ (rarôh) — Middle Ukrainian
      • Belarusian: рарог (raróh)
      • Ukrainian: ра́ріг (rárih), ра́рог (rároh), рарія f (rarija) (dialectal)
        • → Polish: rarîg
  • Slovak: rároh
    • ⇒ Slovak: rárašek, járog, rárožica
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: rаrоh

Further reading

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “raróg”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 510
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “ра́ріг”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 28
• Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2006), “рарог”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 11 (раб – сая́н), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 106
• Machek, Václav (1968) “raroh”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 508
• Rejzek, Jiří (2001) “raroh”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 1st edition, Voznice: LEDA, →ISBN, page 554
• Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “rojóti”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 1036
• Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “raróg”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 454
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “rȃrog”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si