Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tratiti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Causative from *trata + *-iti, likely akin to Lithuanian trótinti (“to tease, to agitate”), Samogitian trúotas (“grindstone”), Latvian trũots (“grindstone”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, perhaps cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þrōþjan, “to exercise”) (Proto-Germanic *þrōþijaną).
Commonly compared with *terti (“to rub”) from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, to twist”). Phonetically more compatible with Proto-Indo-European *treh₃- (“to harm, to gnaw”) (whence Ancient Greek τῐτρώσκω (titrṓskō, “to hurt”)).
Verb[edit]
*tra̋titi impf[1]
- (perhaps originally[1]) to shatter, to wreck, to crumble
- (figurative) to waste, to lose
- Synonym: *xabiti
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of *tratiti, *trati, *tratitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *traťenьje | *tratiti | *tratitъ | *tratilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *traťenъ | *tratimъ |
| Active | *traťь | *tratę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tratixъ | *trati | *trati | *traťǫ | *tratiši | *tratitь |
| Dual | *tratixově | *tratista | *tratiste | *trativě | *tratita | *tratite |
| Plural | *tratixomъ | *tratiste | *tratišę | *tratimъ | *tratite | *tratętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *traťaaxъ | *traťaaše | *traťaaše | — | *trati | *trati |
| Dual | *traťaaxově | *traťaašeta | *traťaašete | *trativě | *tratita | — |
| Plural | *traťaaxomъ | *traťaašete | *traťaaxǫ | *tratimъ | *tratite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*trativъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Lithuanian: trõtyti (“to waste”)
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “трата”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- “truotas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “tratiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tra̋titi”