Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvoriti

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twarīˀtei, causative/iterative of Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tvérti (“to seize, to form”), Latvian tvert (“to seize, to hold”), Lithuanian tvárstyti (“to bandage”), Latvian tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”) (1sg. tvarstu), Lithuanian turė́ti (“to hold”), Latvian turēt (“to hold”), Old Prussian turīt (“to have”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek σορός (sorós, “urn”).

Verb[edit]

*tvorìti[1][2][3]

  1. to make

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *tvoriti, *tvori, *tvoritь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tvořenьje *tvoriti *tvoritъ *tvorilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tvořenъ *tvorimъ
Active *tvořь *tvorę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvorixъ *tvori *tvori *tvořǫ *tvoriši *tvoritь
Dual *tvorixově *tvorista *tvoriste *tvorivě *tvorita *tvorite
Plural *tvorixomъ *tvoriste *tvorišę *tvorimъ *tvorite *tvorętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvořaaxъ *tvořaaše *tvořaaše — *tvori *tvori
Dual *tvořaaxově *tvořaašeta *tvořaašete *tvorivě *tvorita —
Plural *tvořaaxomъ *tvořaašete *tvořaaxǫ *tvorimъ *tvorite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*tvorivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Conjugation of *tvoriti, *tvori, *tvoritь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tvořenьje *tvoriti *tvoritъ *tvorilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tvořenъ *tvorimъ
Active *tvořь *tvorę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvorixъ *tvori *tvori *tvořǫ *tvoriši *tvoritь
Dual *tvorixově *tvorista *tvoriste *tvorivě *tvorita *tvorite
Plural *tvorixomъ *tvoriste *tvorišę *tvorimъ *tvorite *tvorętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvořaaxъ *tvořaaše *tvořaaše — *tvori *tvori
Dual *tvořaaxově *tvořaašeta *tvořaašete *tvorivě *tvorita —
Plural *tvořaaxomъ *tvořaašete *tvořaaxǫ *tvorimъ *tvorite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*tvorivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “твори́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 231
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “твори́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References[edit]

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tvorìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 501: “v. (c) ‘make’”
  2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “tvoriti: tvorjǫ tvoritь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b skabe (PR 140)”
  3. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “tvọ̄riti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tvori̋ti”
  4. ^ Bulyka, A. M., editor (2013), “творити”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 33 (струна – треснутися), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 246
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