Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ukrajina

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *ukràjь +‎ *-ina, from *u- +‎ *kràjь.

Noun

*ukràjina f

1. boundary, outskirts, borderland

Declension

Declension of *ukràjina (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ukràjina	*ukrajině	*ukrajiny
genitive	*ukrajiny	*ukrajinu	*ukrajinъ
dative	*ukrajině	*ukrajinama	*ukrajinamъ
accusative	*ukrajinǫ	*ukrajině	*ukrajiny
instrumental	*ukrajinojǫ, *ukrajinǫ**	*ukrajinama	*ukrajinami
locative	*ukrajině	*ukrajinu	*ukrajinasъ, *ukrajinaxъ*
vocative	*ukràjino	*ukrajině	*ukrajiny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: укра́ина (ukráina)
    • Old Ruthenian: укра́ина (ukráina), вкра́ина (vkráina)
      • Belarusian: ускра́іна (uskráina); укра́іна (ukráina) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: украї́на (ukrajína), укра́їна (ukrájina) (obsolete)
      • ⇒ Old Ruthenian: Украи́на (Ukraína), Вкраи́на (Vkraína)
        • Belarusian: Украі́на (Ukraína); Ўкраі́на (Ŭkraína) (after vowels)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: Украї́на (Ukrajína)
        • Ukrainian: Украї́на (Ukrajína); Вкраї́на (Vkrajína) (rare, poetic, after vowels)
    • ⇒ Russian: Украи́на (Ukraína), Укра́йна (Ukrájna) — dated, rare
      • → Ainu: ウㇰライナ
      • → Avar: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Bashkir: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Buryat: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Catalan: Ucraïna
      • → Chinese: 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
        • → Vietnamese: Ô Khắc Lan
      • → Chuvash: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → English: Ukraine, Ukrain, Ukrainia, Ukrania, Ucrania (all obsolete)
        • → Assamese: ইউক্ৰেইন (iukrein)
        • → Bengali: ইউক্রেন (iukren)
        • → Cherokee: ᏯᎧᏪᏂ (yakaweni), ᏳᎬᎳᎢᏅ (yugvlainv)
        • → Chinese: 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
          • → Vietnamese: Ô Khắc Lan
        • → Dhivehi: ޔުކްރެއިން (yuk̊rein̊)
        • → Gujarati: યૂક્રેઇન (yūkreina)
        • → Hawaiian: ʻUkelena
        • → Hindi: यूक्रेन (yūkren)
        • → Kannada: ಯುಕ್ರೇನ್ (yukrēn)
        • → Malay: Ukraine
        • → Malayalam: യുക്രെയിൻ (yukreyiṉ)
        • → Maori: Ūkareinga
        • → Marathi: युक्रेन (yukren)
        • → Nepali: युक्रेन (yukrena)
        • → Odia: ୟୁକ୍ରେନ (yukrena)
        • → Punjabi: ਯੂਕ੍ਰੇਨ (yūkren)
        • → Samoan: 'Iukureini
        • → Sinhalese: යුක්රේන් (yukrēn)
        • → Telugu: ఉక్రెయిన్ (ukreyin)
        • → Thai: ยูเครน (yuu-kreen)
        • → Tigrinya: ዩክረይን (yukräyn)
        • → Tongan: ʻIukuleini
        • → Ukrainian: Юкре́йн (Jukréjn)
        • → Urdu: یُوکْرین (yūkren)
        • → Yoruba: Yukíréènì
      • → French: Ukraine
      • → Finnish: Ukraina
      • → Ingrian: Ukraina
      • → Kabardian: Украинэ (Wukrajinɛ)
      • → Karachay-Balkar: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Kazakh: Украинӕ
      • → Komi-Permyak: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Komi-Zyrian: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Korean: 우크라이나 (ukeuraina)
      • → Kyrgyz: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Mongolian:

        Cyrillic script: Украин (Ukrain), Украйн (Ukrajn), украин (ukrain), украйн (ukrajn)

        Mongolian script: ᠤᠻᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ (ukrayin), ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ (ükrayin)

      • → Ossetian: Украинӕ (Ukrainæ)
      • → Tatar: Украина (Uqraina)
      • → Tuvan: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Uyghur:

        Cyrillic script: Украина (Ukraina)

        Arabic script: ئۇكرائىنا (ukra'ina)

      • → Yakut: Украина (Ukraina)
      • → Vietnamese: U-crai-na
• West Slavic:
  • >? Polish: ukraina (dialectal)

Further reading

• Luchyk, V. V. (2014) “Украї́на”, in Етимологічний словник топонімів України [Etymological Dictionary of Toponyms of Ukraine] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Academy, →ISBN, page 485
• Stryzhak, O. S., editor (1985), “Ꙋкраина”, in Етимологічний словник літописних географічних назв Південної Русі [Etymological Dictionary of Chronicle Geographical Names of Southern Rus'] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 165
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “Украї́на”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 28
• Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “украї́на; Украї́на”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 1075
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “Украи́на”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress