Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vojь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wájas, from Proto-Indo-European *woyh₁-o-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase”).

Noun

*vojь m

1. soldier

Declension

Declension of *vojь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vojь	*voja	*voji
genitive	*voja	*voju	*vojь
dative	*voju	*vojema	*vojemъ
accusative	*vojь	*voja	*voję̇
instrumental	*vojьmь, *vojemь*	*vojema	*voji
locative	*voji	*voju	*vojixъ
vocative	*voju	*voja	*voji

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *vojevati (“to wage war”)
• *vojevoda (“military leader”)
• *vojinъ, *vojakъ (“soldier”)
  • *vojinьskъ (“military”)
• *Vojьdanъ
• *vojьnъ, *vojьnьnъ (“martial”)
  • *vojьna (“war”)
• *vojьskъ (“military”)
  • *vojьska (“army”)
• *Vojьtěxъ

Related terms

• *povinǫti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: вои (voi)
    • Old Ruthenian: вой (voj)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: вои (voi)

    Glagolitic script: ⰲⱁⰺ (voi)

• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: voj
    • Czech: voj
  • Polish: wój, woj

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “воин”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “воин”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 161

Etymology 2

From o-grade action noun of *viti +‎ *-ъ, ultimately from *weh₁y- (“to twist”). The o-grade is the same as in Proto-Slavic *lojь from Proto-Slavic *liti.

Noun

*vojь m

1. curving, turn

Declension

Declension of *vojь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vojь	*voja	*voji
genitive	*voja	*voju	*vojь
dative	*voju	*vojema	*vojemъ
accusative	*vojь	*voja	*voję̇
instrumental	*vojьmь, *vojemь*	*vojema	*voji
locative	*voji	*voju	*vojixъ
vocative	*voju	*voja	*voji

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *jьzvojь, *vyvojь
• *navojь
• *orzvojь
• *povojь
• *zavojь

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: вой (voj, “volution”) (obsolete)
  • ⇒ Macedonian: завој (zavoj), развој (razvoj)
  • ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: за́вој

    Latin script: závoj

• West Slavic:
  • ⇒ Czech: vývoj, rozvoj

Further reading

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “завой”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 576