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Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ögren-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

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Etymology

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Erdal, Nişanyan, Clauson and Tekin suggest a derivation *ögür (“herd”) +‎ *-e- +‎ *-n- with an earlier meaning of "to get accustomed to, be tamed, learn".[1][2][3]

Sevortjan and Räsänen have both suggested a derivation from *ȫg (“mind”), however this is impossible from a morphological standpoint as there is no *-ra- denominal verbal suffix.[1]

Verb

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*ögren-

  1. (intransitive) to get used to
  2. (transitive) to learn

Conjugation

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Conjugation of *ögren- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive *ögrenmek
participle present *ögrengen, ögrenigme, ögrenür
past *ögrentük, ögrenmiš
future *ögrenteči, ögrenmekči, ögrensik, ögreneček
verbal noun *ögrenme, ögrenig, ögrengü
way of doing *ögreniš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *ögrenür ben *ögrenür sen *ögrenür *ögrenür biz *ögrenür siz *ögrenür
past simple *ögrentim *ögrentiŋ *ögrenti *ögrentik, ögrentimiz *ögrentiŋiz *ögrenti
inferential *ögrenmiš ben *ögrenmiš sen *ögrenmiš *ögrenmiš biz *ögrenmiš siz *ögrenmiš
future simple *ögrenteči ben, ögrenmekči ben, ögreneček ben *ögrenteči sen, ögrenmekči sen, ögreneček sen *ögrenteči, ögrenmekči, ögreneček *ögrenteči biz, ögrenmekči biz, ögreneček biz *ögrenteči siz, ögrenmekči siz, ögreneček siz *ögrenteči, ögrenmekči, ögreneček
predictive *ögrengey ben *ögrengey sen *ögrengey *ögrengey biz *ögrengey siz *ögrengey
necessitive *ögrensikim *ögrensikiŋ *ögrensik *ögrensikimiz *ögrensikiŋiz *ögrensik
conditional *ögrensem, ögrenser ben *ögrenseŋ, ögrenser sen *ögrense, ögrenser *ögrensek, ögrensemiz, ögrenser biz *ögrenseŋiz, ögrenser siz *ögrenseler, ögrenser
optative *ögrengey ben *ögrengey sen *ögrengey *ögrengey biz *ögrengey siz *ögrengey
progressive *ögrenmekde ben *ögrenmekde sen *ögrenmekde *ögrenmekde biz *ögrenmekde siz *ögrenmekde
necessitative *ögrenmelig ben *ögrenmelig sen *ögrenmelig *ögrenmelig biz *ögrenmelig siz *ögrenmelig
imperative *ögreneyin *ögren, ögrengil *ögrenzün *ögrenelim *ögreniŋ *ögrenzün
Negative
infinitive *ögrenmemek
participle present *ögrenmegen, ögrenmegme, ögrenmez
past *ögrenmedük, ögrenmemiš
future *ögrenmeči, ögrenmesik, ögrenmeyeček
verbal noun *ögrenmeme, ögrenmeg, ögrenmegü
way of doing *ögrenmeyiš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *ögrenmez ben *ögrenmez sen *ögrenmez *ögrenmez biz *ögrenmez siz *ögrenmez
past simple *ögrenmedim *ögrenmediŋ *ögrenmedi *ögrenmedik, ögrenmedimiz *ögrenmediŋiz *ögrenmedi
inferential *ögrenmemiš ben *ögrenmemiš sen *ögrenmemiš *ögrenmemiš biz *ögrenmemiš siz *ögrenmemiš
future simple *ögrenmeči ben, ögrenmeyeček ben *ögrenmeči sen, ögrenmeyeček sen *ögrenmeči, ögrenmeyeček *ögrenmeči biz, ögrenmeyeček biz *ögrenmeči siz, ögrenmeyeček siz *ögrenmeči, ögrenmeyeček
predictive *ögrenmegey ben *ögrenmegey sen *ögrenmegey *ögrenmegey biz *ögrenmegey siz *ögrenmegey
necessitive *ögrenmesikim *ögrenmesikiŋ *ögrenmesik *ögrenmesikimiz *ögrenmesikiŋiz *ögrenmesik
conditional *ögrenmesem, ögrenmeser ben *ögrenmeseŋ, ögrenmeser sen *ögrenmese, ögrenmeser *ögrenmesek, ögrenmesemiz, ögrenmeser biz *ögrenmeseŋiz, ögrenmeser siz *ögrenmeseler, ögrenmeser
optative *ögrenmegey ben *ögrenmegey sen *ögrenmegey *ögrenmegey biz *ögrenmegey siz *ögrenmegey
progressive *ögrenmemekde ben *ögrenmemekde sen *ögrenmemekde *ögrenmemekde biz *ögrenmemekde siz *ögrenmemekde
necessitative *ögrenmemelig ben *ögrenmemelig sen *ögrenmemelig *ögrenmemelig biz *ögrenmemelig siz *ögrenmemelig
imperative *ögrenmeyeyin *ögrenme, ögrenmegil *ögrenmezün *ögrenmeyelim *ögrenmeyiŋ *ögrenmezün
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Descendants

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  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: вӗрен (vĕren, “to get used to; to learn”)
      • ⇒ Chuvash: вӗрент (vĕrent, “to teach; to make memorize”)
  • Common Turkic:

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎[1], volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 33
  2. ^ Tekin, Talât (1994), "Old Turkic Word Formation Üzerine Notlar [Some Notes on Old Turkic Formation]"[2], in Türk Dili Araştırmaları, volume 4, Ankara, pages 201-208
  3. ^ Tietze, Andreas (2002, 2009) “ögren-”, in Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lügati [Historical and Etymological Dictionary of Turkish] (in Turkish), volume VI, Istanbul, Vienna, page 203
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ögren-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 114
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “öğrenmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 369
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 497
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