Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/b(i)āka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *b(i)ākka

Noun

*b(i)āka

1. frog
2. (?) tortoise, turtle

Declension

Declension of *b(i)āka

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*b(i)āka
Accusative	*b(i)ākanï, *b(i)ākag 4), *b(i)ākanïg 1)
Genitive	*b(i)ākanïŋ
Dative	*b(i)ākaka
Locative	*b(i)ākada
Ablative	*b(i)ākadan
Allative	*b(i)ākagaru
Instrumental 2)	*b(i)ākan
Equative 2)	*b(i)ākača
Similative 2)	*b(i)ākalayu
Comitative 2)	*b(i)ākalïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *kïr-b(i)āka

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • → Hungarian: béka
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: bâqa
• Proto-Oghuz: *b(i)aɣa
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: bağa
      • Ottoman Turkish:
        • Turkish: bağa
  • East Oghuz:
    • Salar: bağa
    • Turkmen:
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (baqa)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (baqa)
      • ⇒ Uzbek: qurbaqa
      • Uyghur: پاقا (paqa)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: баҡа (baqa)
    • Tatar: бака (baqa)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: baqa
    • Karachay-Balkar: макъа (maqa)
    • Kumyk: бакъа (baqa)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: бақа
    • Kazakh: бақа (baqa)
    • Nogai: бака (baka)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: бака (baka)
    • Southern Altai: бака (baka)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (baka)
  • Old Uyghur:
    • Western Yugur: paqa
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: бага (baga)
    • Yakut: баҕа (bağa)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: пага (paga)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: паға (pağa)
      • Shor: паға (pağa)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 311-312; 646-647
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 58
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*b(i)āka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill