Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kẹl-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*kẹl-

1. (intransitive) to come

Conjugation of *kẹl- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*kelmek
participle	present		*kelgen, keligme, kelür
	past		*keldük, kelmiš
	future		*keldeči, kelmekči, kelsik, keleček
verbal noun			*kelme, kelig, kelgü
way of doing			*keliš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*kelür ben	*kelür sen	*kelür	*kelür biz	*kelür siz	*kelür
	past	simple	*keldim	*keldiŋ	*keldi	*keldik, keldimiz	*keldiŋiz	*keldi
		inferential	*kelmiš ben	*kelmiš sen	*kelmiš	*kelmiš biz	*kelmiš siz	*kelmiš
	future	simple	*keldeči ben, kelmekči ben, keleček ben	*keldeči sen, kelmekči sen, keleček sen	*keldeči, kelmekči, keleček	*keldeči biz, kelmekči biz, keleček biz	*keldeči siz, kelmekči siz, keleček siz	*keldeči, kelmekči, keleček
		predictive	*kelgey ben	*kelgey sen	*kelgey	*kelgey biz	*kelgey siz	*kelgey
		necessitive	*kelsikim	*kelsikiŋ	*kelsik	*kelsikimiz	*kelsikiŋiz	*kelsik
conditional			*kelsem, kelser ben	*kelseŋ, kelser sen	*kelse, kelser	*kelsek, kelsemiz, kelser biz	*kelseŋiz, kelser siz	*kelseler, kelser
optative			*kelgey ben	*kelgey sen	*kelgey	*kelgey biz	*kelgey siz	*kelgey
progressive			*kelmekde ben	*kelmekde sen	*kelmekde	*kelmekde biz	*kelmekde siz	*kelmekde
necessitative			*kelmelig ben	*kelmelig sen	*kelmelig	*kelmelig biz	*kelmelig siz	*kelmelig
imperative			*keleyin	*kel, kelgil	*kelzün	*kelelim	*keliŋ	*kelzün
Negative
infinitive			*kelmemek
participle	present		*kelmegen, kelmegme, kelmez
	past		*kelmedük, kelmemiš
	future		*kelmeči, kelmesik, kelmeyeček
verbal noun			*kelmeme, kelmeg, kelmegü
way of doing			*kelmeyiš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*kelmez ben	*kelmez sen	*kelmez	*kelmez biz	*kelmez siz	*kelmez
	past	simple	*kelmedim	*kelmediŋ	*kelmedi	*kelmedik, kelmedimiz	*kelmediŋiz	*kelmedi
		inferential	*kelmemiš ben	*kelmemiš sen	*kelmemiš	*kelmemiš biz	*kelmemiš siz	*kelmemiš
	future	simple	*kelmeči ben, kelmeyeček ben	*kelmeči sen, kelmeyeček sen	*kelmeči, kelmeyeček	*kelmeči biz, kelmeyeček biz	*kelmeči siz, kelmeyeček siz	*kelmeči, kelmeyeček
		predictive	*kelmegey ben	*kelmegey sen	*kelmegey	*kelmegey biz	*kelmegey siz	*kelmegey
		necessitive	*kelmesikim	*kelmesikiŋ	*kelmesik	*kelmesikimiz	*kelmesikiŋiz	*kelmesik
conditional			*kelmesem, kelmeser ben	*kelmeseŋ, kelmeser sen	*kelmese, kelmeser	*kelmesek, kelmesemiz, kelmeser biz	*kelmeseŋiz, kelmeser siz	*kelmeseler, kelmeser
optative			*kelmegey ben	*kelmegey sen	*kelmegey	*kelmegey biz	*kelmegey siz	*kelmegey
progressive			*kelmemekde ben	*kelmemekde sen	*kelmemekde	*kelmemekde biz	*kelmemekde siz	*kelmemekde
necessitative			*kelmemelig ben	*kelmemelig sen	*kelmemelig	*kelmemelig biz	*kelmemelig siz	*kelmemelig
imperative			*kelmeyeyin	*kelme, kelmegil	*kelmezün	*kelmeyelim	*kelmeyiŋ	*kelmezün

Related terms

• *kẹltür- (“to get”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: кил (kil)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: kəlmək
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: gəlmək
    • Ottoman Turkish: گلمك
      • Turkish: gelmek
      • Gagauz: gelmää
  • Turkmen: gelmek
  • Salar: giğüsi
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (kel-)
    • Chagatai: کیلماک (kelmäk), کلماک (klmʾk /⁠kälmäk⁠/)
      • Uyghur: كەلمەك (kelmek)
      • Uzbek: kelmoq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: килеү (kilew)
    • Tatar: килү (kilü)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: kelmek
    • Kumyk: гелмек (gelmek)
    • Karachay-Balkar: келерге (kelerge)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (kel-)
    • Urum: тʼелʼмейе (kyälymäyä)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: келүү (kelüü)
    • Southern Altai: келер (keler)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: [script needed] (kel-)
    • Kazakh: келу (kelu)
    • Nogai: келуьв (kelüv)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰠 (kel-)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kelmek)
    • Western Yugur: gel- (kel), gol- (kol), kil- (kʰil)
  • North Siberian
    • Dolgan: кэл
    • Yakut: кэл (kel)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: [script needed] (kel-)
      • Tuvan: келир (kelir)
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: [script needed] (kel-)
      • Khakas: килерге (kilerge)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (kel-)
    • Northern Altai: келерге (kelerge)