Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tamu
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Proto-Turkic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼴 (tmw),[1] the accusative form of 𐽂𐼺 (tm, “hell”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas (“darkness”) from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”)[2] whence also Persian تَم (tam, “veil”).
Some forms suggest inheritence from a form *tamug or *tamuk, according to Clauson, these forms reflect different borrowings from different Iranian languages. Compare also Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼷𐼸 (tmyk, “hellish”).
Connection with *tam- (“to ignite”) is coincidental and based on folk etymology.
Noun
[edit]*tamu
- (Common Turkic, religion) hell
- Antonym: *učmag
Declension
[edit]Declension of *tamu
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *tamu |
Accusative | *tamug, *tamunï1) |
Genitive | *tamunuŋ |
Dative | *tamuka |
Locative | *tamuda |
Ablative | *tamudan |
Allative | *tamugaru |
Instrumental 2) | *tamun |
Equative 2) | *tamuča |
Similative 2) | *tamulayu |
Comitative 2) | *tamulugu |
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “tm-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 387
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 626
- ^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 234
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tamu:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 503
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tamu”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 460