Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arbaiþi

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *arbaiþiz, *arbaidiz.

Noun

*arbaiþi f

1. hardship

Inflection

i-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*arbaiþi
Genitive	*arbidī
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*arbaiþi	*arbaiþī
Accusative	*arbaiþi	*arbaiþī
Genitive	*arbidī	*arbidijō
Dative	*arbidī	*arbidim, *arbidijum
Instrumental	*arbidī	*arbidim, *arbidijum

Descendants

Old English continues *þ; Old Saxon and Old High German continue *d; Old Dutch varies.

• Old English: earfoþe, earfeþe, earfod
  • Middle English: arveð
• Old Frisian: arbēd
  • Saterland Frisian: Oarbaid
  • West Frisian: arbeid
• Old Saxon: arvēd, arƀed, arvid
  • Middle Low German: arbeit, arbet, arveit, arvet
    • German Low German: Arbeid, Arbed, Arweid, Arwed
    • → Icelandic: arbeiði, arbeið
    • → Faroese: arbeiði
    • → Norwegian: arbeid
    • → Old Swedish: arbeide, arbeyd, arbede, arbeyte, arbeyt, arbete, ærbete, arbet
      • Swedish: arbete
    • → Danish: arbejde
• Old Dutch: arvit, arvith; arbeit, arbeith (latter form possibly infuenced by Old High German)
  • Middle Dutch: arbeit
    • Dutch: arbeid
      • Afrikaans: arbeid
    • Limburgish: arbeid
• Old High German: arbeit, arabeit
  • Middle High German: arebeit, erebeit, arbeit, erbeit
    • Bavarian:
      • Cimbrian: arbat, èrbot (Sette Comuni)
      • Mòcheno: òrbet
    • Central Franconian: Ärbeet, Arbeet, Arbeit, Ärwet, Arwet, Oarbicht
      • Hunsrik: Aarvet
      • Luxembourgish: Aarbecht
    • East Central German: (Upper Saxon) Orbeid
    • German: Arbeit
      • → Japanese: アルバイト (arubaito, “part-time job”), バイト (baito)
      • → Korean: 아르바이트 (areubaiteu)
    • Rhine Franconian: (Hessian) Abeit
      • Pennsylvania German: Arewet
    • Yiddish: אַרבעט (arbet)