Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/diubul

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin diabolus (“devil”).

Noun

*diubul m

1. (Christianity) devil

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*diubul
Genitive	*diubulas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*diubul	*diubulō, *diubulōs
Accusative	*diubul	*diubulā
Genitive	*diubulas	*diubulō
Dative	*diubulē	*diubulum
Instrumental	*diubulu	*diubulum

Descendants

• Old English: dēofol, dēoful, dīoful, dīofol
  • Middle English: devel, deovel, deevel, devil, dyvel, devul, devyl, devell, devyll, deul, dewel, deyle, devull, dele
    • English: devil (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: deil, deel, deevil
    • Yola: deevil, deel (syncopated)
• Old Frisian: diōvel
  • North Frisian: düüwel
  • Saterland Frisian: Düüwel
  • West Frisian: duvel
• Old Saxon: diuval
  • Middle Low German: dūvel
    • German Low German: Düwel, Dîwel
  • → Old Norse: djǫfull
    • Icelandic: djöfull
    • Faroese: djevul, devul, devil
    • Norwegian:

      Bokmål: djevel

      Nynorsk: djevel

    • Old Swedish: diævul, diæffwol, diæffuill, diawl, diwell, dyfwll, dyffwill, diefwel
      • Swedish: djävel, djävul, jävel
    • Danish: djævel
• Old Dutch: diuval
  • Middle Dutch: duvel
    • Dutch: duivel, duvel (archaic or dialectal)
      • Afrikaans: duiwel
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: diflu
      • Negerhollands: duvel, dievel
    • Limburgish: duvel
• Old High German: tiufal
  • Middle High German: tiuvel, tievel
    • Alemannic German: Tüüfel
      • Swabian: Deifel
    • Bavarian: Deiwi, Deifi, Teifi
      • Cimbrian: taüvl
    • Central Franconian: Düüvel, Deuvel, Deivel
      • Hunsrik: Deivel
      • Luxembourgish: Däiwel
    • East Central German: Deibel, Teibel, Teifel
      • Vilamovian: tojfuł
      • → German: Deibel
    • German: Teufel
    • Rhine Franconian: Deiwel
      • Pennsylvania German: Deiwel
    • Yiddish: טײַוול (tayvl)