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Template:es-noun

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es-noun ? (plural és-nounes)

The following documentation is located at Template:es-noun/documentation. [edit]
Useful links: subpage list • links • redirects • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox
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This template generates a headword line and categorizes Spanish noun entries.

Usage

This template should be added to all Spanish noun entries.

The template should be placed within the Spanish language section, immediately following the Noun L3 header.

As with other Wiktionary inflection line templates, please do not use subst:.

Parameters

Introduction

In the majority of cases, only the gender needs to be specified in |1=, e.g. for persona (“person”):

{{es-noun|f}}
which produces

persona f (plural personas)

The module knows how to form the plural of most nouns, including those in -ón, -z, -í, -ú, etc. For example, for nación (“nation”):

{{es-noun|f}}
which produces

nación f (plural naciones)

Similarly, for iraquí (“Iraqi”):

{{es-noun|mfbysense}}
which produces

iraquí m or f by sense (plural iraquíes or iraquís)

And for joven (“youth”):

{{es-noun|mfbysense}}
which produces

joven m or f by sense (plural jóvenes)

Note in the latter two cases that mfbysense as a gender indicates a noun that can be either masculine or feminine according to the natural gender of the being referred to, and categorizes into Category:Spanish masculine and feminine nouns by sense.

Explicit plurals

Some nouns have irregular plurals. To specify this, use |2=, which can take multiple comma-separated values if necessary, e.g. for noray (“bollard”):

{{es-noun|m|+,noráis}}
which produces

noray m (plural norayes or noráis)

Here, + requests the default plural, and # in a plural (or feminine, see below) stands for the lemma. An example of using the latter is lao (“Lao person”):

{{es-noun|mfbysense|#,+}}
which produces

lao m or f by sense (plural lao or laos)

Here, we use # as above to stand for the lemma, indicating an unchanged plural, and + to request the default plural (in this case laos).

Use an hyphen - to specify uncountable nouns, as in the example ficción especulativa (“speculative fiction”):

{{es-noun|f|-|head=[[ficción]] [[especulativo|especulativa]]}}
which produces

ficción especulativa f (uncountable)

Here, we also use |head= to correctly link the feminine adjective to its masculine counterpart.

Feminines

Use |f= to specify the feminine equivalent of a masculine noun referring to a person or animal, as with amigo (“friend”):

{{es-noun|m|f=+}}
which produces

amigo m (plural amigos, feminine amiga, feminine plural amigas)

The module knows how to correctly form the feminine in most cases; to request the default, use +. A feminine plural will automatically be generated using the default pluralizing algorithm, which is almost always correct; to override this, use |fpl=.

Examples of default feminines are espectador (“spectator”) → espectadora and francés (“French man”) → francesa.

Qualifiers, labels, references

You can add qualifiers and labels to a given plural, feminine or gender using inline modifiers. An example of a gender label is with calor (“heat”):

{{es-noun|m,f<l:<<colloquial>> in <<Latin America>>>}}
which produces

calor m or (colloquial in Latin America) f (plural calores)

Note that the gender spec can take multiple, comma-separated genders, each with its own inline modifiers.

The allowed inline modifiers are:

  • <q:...>: Qualifier displayed as-is before the value in question.
  • <qq:...>: Qualifier displayed as-is after the value in question.
  • <l:...>: One or more comma-separated labels (with no space after the comma) displayed before the value in question. Recognized labels are generally linked to the glossary.
  • <ll:...>: One or more comma-separated labels (with no space after the comma) displayed after the value in question.
  • <ref:...>: One or more references. See {{IPA}} for the exact format. To get multiple references, you can stack multiple inline modifiers <ref:...><ref:...> or separate with  !!!  (three exclamation points surrounded by spaces).

Multiword expressions

The module knows how to correctly pluralize and form the feminine of most multiword expressions. An example is niña bonita (“pet, darling”, literally “pretty girl”):

{{es-noun|f}}
which produces

niña bonita f (plural niñas bonitas)

The default is to pluralize the first and last word (as here), unless there is a recognized preposition in the word, in which case only the portion before the preposition is pluralized. An example with a preposition is: niño de pecho (“infant, babe-in-arms”)

{{es-noun|m|f=+}}
which produces

niño de pecho m (plural niños de pecho, feminine niña de pecho, feminine plural niñas de pecho)

Note here we request the default feminine, which follows the same principles as the plural; in this case, only the portion before the preposition is pluralized.

Another example is abductor largo del pulgar (“abductor pollicis longus”):

{{es-noun|m}}
which produces

abductor largo del pulgar m (plural abductores largos del pulgar)

Note how both words before the preposition are pluralized (recursively applying the default algorithm to the portion before the preposition).

In some cases, the default algorithm produces incorrect results. In those cases, you can control which words are pluralized using one of the following specs:

  • Use +first if only the first word inflects.
  • Use +last if only the first word inflects.
  • Use +first-last if the first and last word inflect.
  • Use +each if all words inflect.
  • Use +first-second if the first and second words inflect.
  • Use +second if only the second word inflects.
  • Use ++ to explicitly request the default multiword pluralization algorithm (needed with hyphenated terms; see below).

An example that uses these codes is agujero negro supermasivo (“supermassive black hole”). The default is to pluralize the first and last words, but here we need each word pluralized:

{{es-noun|m|+each}}
which produces

agujero negro supermasivo m (plural agujeros negros supermasivos)

Suffixes

You can use this template for noun-forming suffixes. If the page name begins with a hyphen, the part of speech for categories is changed to suffixes instead of nouns, and the page is added to an additional category Category:Spanish noun-forming suffixes. An example is -és (“-ese”):

{{es-noun|m|f=+}}
which produces

-és m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eses, feminine -esa, feminine plural -esas)

and automatically adds the page to Category:Spanish suffixes, Category:Spanish masculine suffixes and Category:Spanish noun-forming suffixes.

Summary of parameters

|1= (required)
Gender(s). |1= is required. Possible values are m (masculine), m-p (masculine, plurale tantum), f (feminine), f-p, mf (can be either masculine or feminine, with no meaning difference), mf-p, mfbysense (can be either masculine or feminine, according to the natural gender of the person or animal referred to), mfbysense-p, n (neuter; used for gender-neutral terms like amigue), n-p, ? (unknown gender), ?-p. Multiple comma-separated genders can appear in a single parameter, each with their own inline modifiers.
|2=
Explicitly specify the plural(s), comma-separated (with no space following the comma). If no plurals are specified, the default algorithm applies.
|f=
Explicitly specify the feminine equivalent(s).
|fpl=
Explicitly specify the plural(s) of the feminine equivalent(s), comma-separated (with no space following the comma). The default is based on applying the pluralization algorithm to the specified feminine equivalent(s) (if any).
|m=
Explicitly specify the masculine equivalent(s).
|mpl=
Explicitly specify the plural(s) of the masculine equivalent(s), comma-separated (with no space following the comma). The default is based on applying the pluralization algorithm to the specified masculine equivalent(s) (if any).
|dim=
Specify diminutive(s) to be displayed in the headword, comma-separated (with no space following the comma).
|aug=
Specify augmentative(s) to be displayed in the headword, comma-separated (with no space following the comma).
|pej=
Specify pejorative(s) to be displayed in the headword, comma-separated (with no space following the comma).
|dem=
Specify demonym(s) (male or unisex) to be displayed in the headword, comma-separated (with no space following the comma).
|fdem=
Specify female demonym(s) to be displayed in the headword, comma-separated (with no space following the comma).
|pagename=
Override the page name. Useful especially on documentation and test pages.

All of the above parameters that take a term or gender as a value can have multiple such values, comma-separated (with no space following the comma), and each value can have inline modifiers, as described above. Alternatively, separate parameters can be given, like |f2=, |f3=, etc. for additional feminines; |dim2=, |dim3=, etc. for additional diminutives; |pl2=, |pl3=, etc. for additional plurals; |g2=, |g3=, etc. for additional genders; etc. However, this format is deprecated, and using comma-separated items in a single parameter is preferred as it is more compact and easier to read.

For all the above plural/feminine/masculine/diminutive/augmentative parameters, use + to explicitly request the default and # to stand for the lemma.

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