User:Malku H₂n̥rés/Entry creation
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[edit]==Central Atlas Tamazight== ===Alternative forms=== * {{alter|tzm|}} ===Etymology=== From {{inh|tzm|ber-pro|*||}}, from {{inh|tzm|afa-pro|*||}}. Cognate with {{cog||}}. Borrowed from {{bor|tzm|ary|}}, from {{der|tzm|ar|}}. ===Pronunciation=== {{tzm-IPA}} ===Noun=== {{tzm-noun|m}} # [[]] ====See also==== * {{l|tzm|}} ⴰ ⴳ ⴷ ⴹ ⴼ ⵖ ⵉ ⴽ ⵍ ⵎ ⵏ ⵓ ⵔ ⵙ ⵛ ⵜ ⵡ ⵢ ⵣ ⵥ ⴱ ⵀ ⵅ ⵊ ⴳⵯ ⵕ ⵚ ⵟ ⵇ ⵃ ⵄ ⴻ ⴽⵯ ===References=== * {{R:Penchoen:1973|107}}
Pages to create
[edit]- c: check the word in page (special cases)
- af: Alternative forms
- ar: Moroccan Arabic borrowing
- pb: Proto-Berber
- paa: Proto-Afroasiatic
- ns: no schwa recorded (but might be present!)
- es: exceptional schwa
- s: stop pronunciation
- t: translates
- an: Ayt Ndhir
- mft/lft: more/less frequent for the "t:" meaning than
- ⴰ ⴳ ⴷ ⴹ ⴼ ⵖ ⵉ ⴽ ⵍ ⵎ ⵏ ⵓ ⵔ ⵙ ⵛ ⵜ ⵡ ⵢ ⵣ ⵥ ⴱ ⵀ ⵅ ⵊ ⴳⵯ ⵕ ⵚ ⵟ ⵇ ⵃ ⵄ ⴻ ⴽⵯ
Page 102
[edit]- ⴽⵓⵍ (kul, “ar; s:k; all”)
- ⴷ (d, “c; s:d; with (+ noun), ~and”)
- - (“c; animal, no general term; ar”)
- ⵉⵖⴷ (iɣd, “pb; ashes”)
- ⵖⵔ (ɣr, “t:at; at, to, towards, in the possession of”)
- ⵢ (y, “t:at; in; af:ⴷⵢ”)
- ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵡⵜ (tadawt, “back”)
- ⴳⴰⵔ (gar, “bad”)
- ⵅⵅⵓ (xxu, “t:bad; be mean, nasty, bad”)
- ⵓⵔⵉⵃⵍⵉⵏ (uriḥlin, “ar; t:bad; which is not good”)
- ⴰⵇⵛⵓⵔ (aqcur, “ar; bark (of tree)”)
- ⵄⵍⴰⵃⵇⵇ (ɛlaḥqq, “ar; because”)
- ⴰⵄⴷⴷⵉⵙ (aɛddis, “ar?; belly, abdomen; mft:ⴰⴷⵉⵙ”)
- ⴰⴷⵉⵙ (adis, “pb; t:belly; stomach, belly; lft:ⴰⵄⴷⴷⵉⵙ”)
- ⵜⴰⵃⴱⵓⴱⵜ (taḥbubt, “ar; s:b×2; t:berry; unit of any fruit, grain, pimple, etc”)
- ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ (axatar, “big; mft:ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ”)
- ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ (amqqran, “af:ⴰⵎⵖⵖⵔⴰⵏ; root:ⵎⵖⵓⵔ; t:big; big, old; lft:ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ”)
- ⴰⵊⴹⵉⴹ (ajḍiḍ, “pb; bird”)
- ⵛⵛ (cc, “pb, paa; af:ⴽⴽ?; t:to bite; to bite, usually to eat”)
- ⵇⵇⵙ (qqs, “t:to bite; to bite (insect), to prick”)
- ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ (abrkan, “pb; af:ⴰⴱⵔⵛⴰⵏ; black (color); mft:ⴰⴱⵅⵅⵓⵛ”)
- ⴰⴱⵅⵅⵓⵛ (abxxuc, “black (color); lft:ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ”)
- ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ (idammn, “pb, paa; blood”)
- ⵙⵙⵓⴹ (ssuḍ, “ss-, to cause wind; to blow”)
- ⵉⵅⵚ (ixṣ, “af:ⵉⵅⵙ; pb, paa; ns; bone”)
- ⵙⵙⵓⵏⴼⵙ (ssunfs, “ss-, to cause breath; to breathe”)
- ⴳⵎⴰ (gma, “ⴳ+ⵎⴰ, son (of) mother; brother”)
- ⵖⵓⵙ (ɣus, “burn, intransitive”)
- ⵙⵙⵖⵓⵙ (ssɣus, “ss-, to cause burn; burn, transitive”)
- ⴽⵎⴹ (kmḍ, “pb; burn”)
- ⵍⵄⵉⵍ (lɛil, “ar; t:child; boy, child”)
- ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜⵜ (tarbatt, “from ⴰⵔⴱⴰ; t:child; girl”)
- ⴰⵔⴱⴰ (arba, “pb; child”)
- ⵉⵛⵉⵔⵔⵉ (icirri, “pb; child”)
- ⵉⵄⴱⴰⵏⵏ (iɛbann, “s:b; ar (formerly the name of one type of garment); clothing”)
- ⵎⵍⵙⵉⵡⵜ (mlsiwt, “pb; clothing”)
- ⵉⵙⴳⵏⵡ (isgnw, “t:cloud; storm clouds”)
- ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵓⵜⵜ (tagʷutt, “t:cloud; fog, cloud”)
- ⵙⵎⵉⴹ (smiḍ, “root for cold”)
- ⴷⴷⵓ ⴷ (ddu d, “ⴷⴷⵓ(to go)+ⴷ(near); to come”)
- ⴰⵙ (as, “pb; to come”)
- ⵙⵙⵏⵡ (ssnw, “ss-, to cause to be cooked; t:cook; cook, ripe; introduce "passive" verbs”)
- ⵃⴰⵙⴱ (ḥasb, “ar; to count”)
- ⴰⵍⵍ (all, “pb, paa; cry; derived:ⴰⵍⵍⵏ”)
- ⴱⴱⵢ (bby, “to cut”)
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[edit]- ⵛⵟⵃ (cṭḥ, “ar;dance”)
- ⴰⵙⵙ (ass, “pb; day”)
- ⵎⵎⵜ (mmt, “pb, paa; to die”)
- ⵖⵣ (ɣz, “to dig”)
- ⵡⵙⵅ (wsx, “ar; root for dirty”)
- ⵔⴽⵓ (rku, “pb; dirty”)
- ⵓⵎⵓⵎ (umum, “pb; very dirty”)
- ⵉⵢⴷⵉ (iydi, “pb; dog”)
- ⵙⵡ (sw, “to drink”)
- ⵇⵇⴰⵔ (qqar, “af:ⵖⵖⴰⵔ; ⵖⴰⵔ; t:dry; be hard and dry”)
- ⵣⵡⵓ (zwu, “t:dry; be dried by air (e.g. laundry)”)
- ⵃⴼⵓ (ḥfu, “ar; t:dull; to dull (as opposed to sharp)”)
- ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵕⵓⵕⵜ (tagdṛuṛt, “ar?: ns, only r is emphatic; s:d; dust”)
- ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ (amẓẓuɣ, “ear”)
- ⴰⵛⴰⵍ (acal, “pb; earth (soil)”)
- ⵛⵛ (cc, “pb; to eat”)
- ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴰⵢⵜ (taglayt, “egg”)
- ⵜⵎⴻⵏⵢⴰ (tmenya, “es; eight”)
- ⵜⵉⵟⵟ (tiṭṭ, “pb; eye; pl ⴰⵍⵍⵏ from ⴰⵍⵍ "cry"”)
- ⵜⵜⵓⵜⵜⵢ (ttutty, “ⵜⵜⵓ-; to fall”)
- ⴹⵔ (ḍr, “pb; to fall; an:to go down, to get down, to descend”)
- ⴱⵄⴷ (bɛd, “ar; s:b; t:far; root”)
- ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵏⵜ (tadunt, “fat”)
- ⵉⵎⵙ (ims, “pb; fat”)
- ⴱⴱⴰ (bba, “pb, paa; father”)
- ⴳⴳⵯⴷ (ggʷd, “to fear”)
- ⵜⵉⵡⴷⵉ (tiwdi, “fear”)
- ⵔⵔⵉⵛ (rric, “ar; feather (of bird)”)
- ⵛⵡⵉⵢ (cwiy, “ⵉ if present if ar; ar; few”)
- ⴷⵔⵓⵛ (druc, “t:few; be few, rare”)
- ⵉⵎⵉⴽ (imik, “pb; few”)
- ⵏⵏⴰⵖ (nnaɣ, “root ⵏⵖ; to fight”)
- ⵍⵄⴰⴼⵉⵜ (lɛafit, “ar; fire”)
- ⴰⴼⴰ (afa, “pb; fire”)
- ⴰⵙⵍⵎ (aslm, “fish”)
- ⵅⵎⵙⴰ (xmsa, “ar; five”)
- ⵀⵣⵣⴰ (hzza, “ar; t:to float, no word; to hold up, (of a liquid) to cause to float”)
- ⵔⵡⵍ (rwl, “t:to flow; to run, to flee, to flow”)
- ⴰⵣⵣⵍ (azzl, “pb; to flow”)
- ⵙⵓⴷⴷⵎ (suddm, “pb; to flow”)
- ⵏⴳⵉ (ngi, “pb; to flow”)
- ⴰⵢⵊⵊⵉⴳ (ayjjig, “flower”)
- ⴰⴼⵔⵡ (afrw, “pb; to fly”)
- ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵓⵜⵜ (tagʷutt, “fog”)
- ⴰⴹⴰⵔ (aḍar, “pb; foot”)
- ⵔⴱⵄⴰ (rbɛa, “s:b; four”)
- ⵊⵎⵎⴷ (jmmd, “ar; root for to freeze”)
- ⴳⵔⵙ (grs, “pb; root for to freeze”)
- ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ (tagrst, “pb, root ⴳⵔⵙ; cold season (~winter)”)
- ⴰⴳⵔⵉⵙ (agris, “root ⴳⵔⵙ; ice”)
- ⴽⴼ (kf, “af:ⵛⴼ, ⵛ; to give”)
- ⵉⵥⵉⵍ (iẓil, “pb; t:good; root for good, nice, pretty”)
- ⵖⵓⴷⵓ (ɣudu, “t:good; root for good, nice, pretty”)
- ⵜⵓⴳⴰ (tuga, “s:t; grass”)
- ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡ (azgzaw, “af:ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ; green (color)”)
- ⵉⵙⵕⵎⴰⵏ (isṛman, “t:guts; intestines”)
- ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵡⵡⴰⵔⵜ (taduwwart, “c:orthography; ar; s:t×2, d; t:guts; tripes, guts”)
- ⴰⵣⵣⴰⵔ (azzar, “pb; hair (on the human head)”)
- ⴰⴼⵓⵙ (afus, “pb; hand”)
- ⵏⵜⵜⴰ (ntta, “pb, paa; he (3.sg.m) independent pronoun”)
- ⵢ- (y-, “pb, paa; he (3.sg.m) subject affix”)
- ⵉⵖⴼ (iɣf, “af:ⵉⵅⴼ; pb; ns; head (body part)”)
- ⴰⵇⵕⵕⵓ (aqṛṛu, “pb; head (body part)”)
- ⴰⵇⵛⴰⵛ (aqcac, “pb; head (body part)”)
- ⵙⵍ (sl, “pb, paa; to hear”)
- ⵓⵍ (ul, “pb, paa; heart”)
- ⴷⴰⴷ (dad, “here”)
- ⴳⵯⵜ (gʷt, “to hit, to shoot”)
- ⴰⵎⵥ (amẓ, “pb; to hold”)
- ⵟⵟⴼ (ṭṭf, “af:ⴹⴹⴼ; pb; to hold”)
- ⵎⵉⵎⴽ (mimk, “af:ⵎⵉⵎⵛ; pb, ⵎ- + ⵉⵎⴽ; how?”)
- ⵎⵢⴰ (mya, “ar; hundred”)
- ⴳⵎⵔ (gmr, “to hunt (transitive english translation)”)
- ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ (argaz, “af:ⴰⵔⵢⴰⵣ; pb, paa; man (adult male human), husband”)
- ⵏⴽⴽ (nkk, “pb, paa; I (1.sg) independent pronoun”)
- -ⵅ (-x, “pb, paa; I (1.sg) subject affix”)
- ⵉⵡⵔⵉ (iwri, “pb, paa; ice”)
- ⴰⴳⵯⵔⵉⵙ (agʷris, “root ⴳⵔⵙ; ice”)
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[edit]- ⵎⴽ (mk, “af:ⵎⵛ; if”)
- ⵢ (y, “af:ⴷⵢ; in”)
- ⵏⵖ (nɣ, “to kill”)
- ⵉⵙⵉⵏ (isin, “root ⵙⵙⵏ?, pb; to know (facts)”)
- ⴰⴳⵯⵍⵎⴰⵎ (agʷlmam, “lake”)
- ⵟⵙ (ṭs, “ns; to laugh”)
- ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵇⵜ (tawriqt, “ar; leaf (vegetal)”)
- ⵉⴼⵔ (ifr, “pb; leaf (vegetal)”)
- ⴰⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹ (aẓlmaḍ, “left (side)”)
- ⴰⴹⴰⵔ (aḍar, “pb; t:leg; leg, foot”)
- ⴳⵏ (gn, “to lie (as in a bed)”)
- ⴷⴷⵔ (ddr, “t:to live; to be alive”)
- ⵙⴽⵏ (skn, “ar; t:to live; to inhabit”)
- ⵜⴰⵙⴰ (tasa, “liver”)
- ⵖⵣⵉⴼ (ɣzif, “t:long (as opposed to wide); root for long (as opposed to wide)”)
- ⴰⵖⵣⵣⴰⴼ (aɣzzaf, “long (as opposed to wide)”)
- ⵜⴰⵅⵅⵓⵢⵜ (taxxuyt, “louse”)
- ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ (argaz, “af:ⴰⵔⵢⴰⵣ; pb, paa; man (adult male human), husband”)
- ⴱⵣⵣⴰⴼ (bzzaf, “ar; adverb:many”)
- ⵄⴷⴷⵓ (ɛddu, “ar; t:many; root for abound”)
- ⴳⴳⵉⴷⵉ (ggidi, “pb; many”)
- ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ (aksum, “meat”)
- ⵎⵎⴰ (mma, “pb, paa; mother”)
- ⵊⵊⴱⵍ (jjbl, “s:b; ar; mountain (as opposed to hill)”)
- ⵄⴰⵔⵉ (ɛari, “ar; mountains (as opposed to hills), forest”)
- ⴰⵇⵎⵓ (aqmu, “mouth”)
- ⵉⵎⵉ (imi, “pb; t:mouth; opening, doorway”)
- ⵉⵙⵎ (ism, “ar? pb? ultimately paa; ns; name”)
- ⵇⵎⵔ (qmr, “ar; narrow”)
- ⵇⵔⵔⴱ (qrrb, “s:b; ar; near”)
- ⴷ (d, “near (verb complement)”)
- ⵃⵏⵢⵉ (ḥnyi, “ar?; neck (body part, as opposed to nape)”)
- ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴹ (amgrḍ, “s:g; pb; t:neck (body part, as opposed to nape); neck (body part, as opposed to nape), throat”)
- ⵓⵊⴷⵉⴷ (ujdid, “ar; new”)
- ⵉⴹ (iḍ, “pb; night”)
- ⵜⵙⵄⵓⴷ (tsɛud, “ar; ns; s:t; nine”)
- ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵣⴰⵔ (tignzar, “ns; nose”)
- ⴰⵏⵣⴰⵔ (anzar, “pb; nose”)
- ⵓⵔ (ur, “pb; not”)
- ⴰⵇⴷⵉⵎ (aqdim, “ar; (of a thing) old”)
- ⵢⵓⵏ (yun, “pb; one, feminine ⵢⵓⵜ”)
- ⵢⴰⴹⵏ (yaḍn, “other”)
- ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ (yaḍnin, “probably former verb; other”)
- ⴱⵏⴰⴷⵎ (bnadm, “ar; schwa between b and n; person”)
- ⵍⵄⴱ (lɛb, “ar; s:b; to play; mft:ⵓⵔⴰⵔ”)
- ⵓⵔⴰⵔ (urar, “pb; to play; lft:ⵍⵄⴱ”)
- ⵀⴷⵔ (hdr, “pb; to play”)
- ⵏⵣⵖ (nzɣ, “to pull”)
- ⵣⵓⵖⵔ (zuɣr, “compare ⵖⵔ; t:to pull; to lead, to drag”)
- ⵍⴷⵉ (ldi, “pb; to pull”)
- ⴷⴼⵄ (dfɛ, “ar; to push”)
- ⵜⵃⵉ (tḥi, “ar; to push”)
- ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵔ (anẓar, “pb; rain”)
- ⵣⵡⵉⵖ (zwiɣ, “root for red (color)”)
- ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ (azggʷaɣ, “af:ⴰⵣⵡⵡⴰⵖ; root ⵣⵡⵉⵖ; red (color)”)
- ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ (afasi, “right (side)”)
- ⵙⵜⵉⵜⵜ (stitt, “ⵙ(with)+ⵜⵉⵜⵜ(truth); right (correct)”)
- ⵙⵃⵓ (sḥu, “ar; t:right (correct); be right, strong”)
- ⵍⵃⵇⵇ (lḥqq, “ar; t:right (correct); right, reason”)
- ⴰⵙⵉⴼ (asif, “pb; river”)
- ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ (abrid, “road (as opposed to street)”)
- ⴰⵥⵓⵔ (aẓur, “root”)
- ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵏ (asqqn, “no schwa 1st; rope, lit. attacher”)
- ⵉⵣⵉⴽⵔ (izikr, “pb; t:rope; small rope”)
- ⴰⴳⴰⵜⵓ (agatu, “pb; rope”)
- ⵔⵛⵓ (rcu, “root for rotten (especially wood)”)
- ⵎⵔⵢ (mry, “to rub”)
- ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵜ (tisnt, “salt”)
- ⵔⵔⵎⵍⴰ (rrmla, “ar; sand”)
- ⴰⵍⵅⵉⵅ (alxix, “pb; sand”)
- ⴽⵎⵣ (kmz, “to scratch (to relieve itch / an itch)”)
- ⵍⴱⵃⵔ (lbḥr, “ar; s:b; sea”)
- ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ (annay, “pb; to see”)
Page 105
[edit]- ⵉⴼⵙⴰⵏ (ifsan, “t:seed; sowing seeds”)
- ⵣⵣⵔⵔⵉⵄⵜ (zzrriɛt, “ar; seed”)
- ⴰⵎⵓⴷ (amud, “pb; seed”)
- ⵙⴱⵄⴰ (sbɛa, “ar; s:b; seven”)
- ⴳⵏⵓ (gnu, “to sew”)
- ⵛⵡⵓ (cwu, “root for sharp (as opposed to dull)”)
- ⴳⵯⵜ (gʷt, “to shoot, to hit”)
- ⵛⴹⵉⵏ (cḍin, “root for short”)
- ⴰⵛⵟⵟⵡⴰⵏ (acṭṭwan, “short”)
- ⴳⵣⵉⵍ (gzil, “pb; short”)
- ⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⵣⵍⴰⵏ (ini izlan, “ⵉⵏⵉ(to say)+ⵉⵣⵍⴰⵏ(songs); to sing”)
- ⵉⵔⵉⵔ (irir, “pb; compare ⵓⵔⴰⵔ (to play); to sing”)
- ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰ (ultma, “ⵓⵍ+ⵜ+ⵎⴰ daughter (of) mother; sister”)
- ⵇⵇⵉⵎ (qqim, “af:ⵖⵖⵉⵎ; root:ⵖⵉⵎ; t:to sit; to sit, to stay”)
- ⵙⵜⵜⴰ (stta, “ar; six”)
- ⴰⴳⵯⵍⵉⵎ (agʷlim, “skin (of a person, as opposed to hide)”)
- ⴰⵀⵉⵜⵓⵔ (ahitur, “ar; skin (of a person, as opposed to hide)”)
- ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ (aksum, “t:skin (of a person, as opposed to hide); meat, flesh, skin (of a person, as opposed to hide)”)
- ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ (ignna, “sky”)
- ⴳⵏ (gn, “to sleep, to lie (as in a bed)”)
- ⵎⵥⵉⵢ (mẓiy, “root for small”)
- ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏ (amẓẓyan, “small”)
- ⴽⴹⵓ (kḍu, “af:ⵛⴹⵓ; to smell”)
- ⴰⴳⴳⵓ (aggu, “pb; smoke (of fire)”)
- ⵍⵡⵉⵖ (lwiɣ, “root for smooth”)
- ⴰⵍⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ (alggʷaɣ, “smooth”)
- ⵉⴼⵉⵖⵔ (ifiɣr, “snake”)
- ⴰⴷⴼⵍ (adfl, “pb; snow”)
- ⵛⴰ (ca, “ar; some”)
- ⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍ (ssiwl, “ss-, to cause speech; speak”)
- ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵍⴰ (tafala, “pb; spear; an: no word locally”)
- ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵙ (ssufs, “ss-, to cause spit; to spit”)
- ⵟⵟⵉⵇⵙ (ṭṭiqs, “ns; t:to split; to split, to explode, to burst, to be burst”)
- ⵙⵜⵖ (stɣ, “pb; to split”)
- ⵥⵉⵢⵔ (ẓiyr, “ar; to squeeze”)
- ⵥⵎ (ẓm, “pb; to squeeze”)
- ⵏⵇⵇⴱ (nqqb, “af:ⵏⵖⵖⴱ; ar; s:b; t:to stab, to pierce; to pierce”)
- ⴱⴷⴷ (bdd, “s:b; t:to stand; to stand, to stop”)
- ⵉⵜⵔⵉ (itri, “pb; star”)
- ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵉⵜⵜ (taɣritt, “af:ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵔⵉⵜⵜ; stick”)
- ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵓⵛⵜ (taɣruct, “pb; stick”)
- ⵉⵙⵍⵍⵉ (islli, “pb; stone”)
- ⴰⵥⵔⵓ (aẓru, “pb; stone (collective noun)”)
- ⵙⴳⴳⵎ (sggm, “ar; straight”)
- ⵏⵎ (nm, “pb; straight”)
- ⵙⵙⵓⵎⵎ (ssumm, “to suck”)
- ⴰⴼⴼ (aff, “pb; to swell”)
- ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ (tafukt, “af:ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵛⵜ; sun”)
- ⵄⵓⵎ (ɛum, “ar; to swim”)
- ⴰⴱⵔⴹⵓⴹ (abrḍuḍ, “tail”)
- ⵄⵛⵔⴰ (ɛcra, “ar; ten”)
- ⵡⴰⵏ (wan, “that (demonstrative distal pronoun), m”)
- ⵜⴰⵏ (tan, “that (demonstrative distal pronoun), f”)
- ⴰⵢⵉⵏ (ayin, “that (demonstrative distal pronoun), n”)
- ⴷⵉⵏ (din, “there”)
- ⵏⵉⵀⵏⵉ (nihni, “pb, paa; they (3.pl.m) independent pronoun”)
- -ⵏ (-n, “pb, paa; they (3.pl.m) subject affix”)
- ⵣⵓⵔ (zur, “root for thick”)
- ⵙⴷⵉⴷ (sdid, “root for thin”)
- ⵅⵎⵎⵎ (xmmm, “ar; t:to think; to reflect, to cogitate”)
- ⵡⴰⴷ (wad, “this (demonstrative proximal pronoun), m”)
- ⵜⴰⴷ (tad, “this (demonstrative proximal pronoun), f”)
- ⴰⵢⴰⴷ (ayad, “this (demonstrative proximal pronoun), n”)
- ⴽⴳⴳ (kgg, “pb, paa; thou (2.sg.m) independent pronoun”)
- ⴽⵎⵎ (kmm, “pb, paa; thou (2.sg.f) independent pronoun”)
- ⵜ- -ⴷ (t- -d, “pb, paa; thou (2.sg) subject affix”)
- ⴽⵔⴰⴹ (kraḍ, “af:ⵛⵔⴰⴹ; pb; three”)
- ⴳⵔ (gr, “to throw”)
- ⴰⵙⵙ (ass, “pb; to tie”)
- ⵇⵇⵏ (qqn, “t:to tie; to tie, to attach”)
- ⴽⵔⵙ (krs, “t:to tie; to tie knot”)
- ⴽⵔⴼ (krf, “af:ⵛⵔⴼ; t:to tie; to tie, especially feet”)
- ⵉⵍⵙ (ils, “af:ⵉⵔⵙ; pb, paa; tongue (organ)”)
- ⵜⵓⵖⵎⵙⵜ (tuɣmst, “t:tooth (front, as opposed to molar); incisor”)
- ⵓⵅⵙ (uxs, “pb; ns; tooth (front, as opposed to molar)”)
- ⵓⴳⵍ (ugl, “pb; t:tooth (front, as opposed to molar); molar”)
- ⴰⵅⵍⵉⵊⵊ (axlijj, “tree (as opposed to log)”)
- ⴰⵙⴽⵍⵓ (asklu, “pb; tree (as opposed to log)”)
- ⴹⵓⵡⵔ (ḍuwr, “ar; to turn (intransitive English translation)”)
- ⵄⵛⵔⵉⵏ (ɛcrin, “ar; twenty”)
- ⵙⵉⵏ (sin, “pb; two, m”)
- ⵙⵏⴰⵜ (snat, “pb; two, f”)
- ⵔⴰⵔ (rar, “t:to vomit; to throw up, to render, to return”)
Page 106
[edit]- ⴷⴷⵓ (ddu, “to walk”)
- ⵃⵎⵓ (ḥmu, “ar; t:warm; root for be hot, warm”)
- ⵔⵖ (rɣ, “be warm”)
- ⵙⵙⵉⵔⴷ (ssird, “pb (kab ssired), ss-, to cause to be washed; to wash”)
- ⴰⵎⴰⵏ (aman, “pb, paa; water, pl”)
- ⵏⵓⴽⴽⵏⵉ (nukkni, “pb, paa; we (1.pl inclusive), independent pronoun”)
- ⵏ- (n-, “pb, paa; we (1.pl inclusive), subject affix”)
- ⴱⵣⵢ (bzy, “wet”)
- ⵎⵎⵖ (mmɣ, “compare ⴰⵎⴰⵏ; t:wet; moist, damp”)
- ⵎⴰⵢ (may, “pb, paa, ⵎ- + ⴰⵢ; what?”)
- ⵎⵉⵍⵎⵉ (milmi, “pb, paa, ⵎ- + ⵉⵍⵎⵉ; when?”)
- ⵎⴰⵏⵜⵓⵔ (mantur, “pb, paa, ⵎⴰⵏ- + ⵜⵓⵔ; when?”)
- ⵎⴰⵏⵉ (mani, “pb, paa, ⵎ- + ⴰⵏⵉ; where?”)
- ⵎⵍⵓⵍ (mlul, “root for white (color)”)
- ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ (umlil, “root ⵎⵍⵓⵍ; white (color)”)
- ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ (amllal, “root ⵎⵍⵓⵍ; white (color)”)
- ⵎⴰⵢ (may, “pb, paa, ⵎ- + ⴰⵢ; who?”)
- ⵡⵙⵄ (wsɛ, “ar?; wide”)
- ⴼⵍⵉⵢ (fliy, “pb; wide”)
- ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵜⵜ (tamṭṭutt, “wife”)
- ⴰⵣⵡⵓ (azwu, “t:wind; nice breeze”)
- ⴰⵖⵔⴱⵉ (aɣrbi, “ar; wind”)
- ⴰⴼⵔ (afr, “pb; wing”)
- ⵙⴼⴹ (sfḍ, “to wipe”)
- ⴷ (d, “t:with; with, also "and" but only with nouns”)
- ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵜⵜ (tamṭṭutt, “pb; t:woman; woman, wife”)
- ⵄⴰⵔⵉ (ɛari, “ar; woods”)
- ⵅⴷⵎ (xdm, “ar; work”)
- ⴰⵡⴽⴽⵉⵡ (awkkiw, “worm”)
- ⴽⵓⵏⵏⵉ (kunni, “pb, paa; ye (2.pl.m) independent pronoun”)
- ⴽⵏⵉⵏⵜⵉ (kninti, “pb, paa; ye (2.pl.f) independent pronoun”)
- ⵜ- -ⵎ (t- -m, “pb, paa; ye (2.pl.m) subject affix”)
- ⵜ- -ⵏⵜ (t- -nt, “pb, paa; ye (2.pl.f) subject affix”)
- ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (asggʷas, “year”)
- ⵡⵔⵉⵖ (wriɣ, “root for yellow (color)”)
- ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ (awraɣ, “root ⵡⵔⵉⵖ; yellow (color)”)
- ⵥⵥⴰⴳ (ẓẓag, “heavy”)
- ⵙⵜⵉⵍ (stil, “pb; heavy”)
- ⵉⵏⵉ (ini, “pb; to say”)
- ⵉⴼⴼ (iff, “pb; breast”)
- ⴰⴱⵓⴱⴱⵓ (abubbu, “s:b; breast”)
- ⴰⵅⴱⴰⵛ (axbac, “ar; claw”)
- ⴰⵛⵛⵔ (accr, “pb, compare ⵉⵙⴽⵔ; t:claw; has "fingernail" meaning only, but used for "(finger)nail" and "claw"”)
- ⵄⵎⵎⵔ (ɛmmr, “ar; t:full; be full (not fill bc it would have been written so)”)
- ⵉⵙⴽ (isk, “af:ⵉⵛⵛ; pb; horn (of animal)”)
- ⴰⴼⵓⴷ (afud, “pb; knee”)
- ⴰⵢⵓⵔ (ayur, “pb; moon”)
- ⴰⵎⴹⵓⵡⵔ (amḍuwr, “ar; round”)
- ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ (dffir, “ns; t:after; behind”)
- ⴹⴰⵔ (ḍar, “pb; compare ⴰⴹⴰⵔ; after”)
- ⵏ (n, “pb; of”)
- ⵖⵔ (ɣr, “pb; to, until”)
- ⵙ (s, “t:to, until; toward”)
- ⴰⵍ (al, “t:to, until; until, up to”)
- ⵉ (i, “for, to”)
- ⴷⴷⴰⵡ (ddaw, “unter”)
- ⵖⴼ (ɣf, “af:ⵅⴼ; compare ⵉⵖⴼ; ns; on”)
- ⵏⵏⵉⴳ (nnig, “on”)
- ⵏⴻⵖⴷ (neɣd, “af:ⵏⵖⴷⴷ, ⵏⴻⵖⴷⴷ, ⵏⵖⴷ; from ⵏⵖ; or”)
Page 107
[edit]- ⵉⵙⴽ (isk, “af:ⵉⵛⵛ; pb; horn (of animal)”)
- ⴰⵅⵎⵉⵎ (axmim, “pb; lip; mft:ⴰⵏⵛⵓⵛ”)
- ⴰⵏⵛⵓⵛ (ancuc, “pb; lip; lft:ⴰⵅⵎⵉⵎ”)
- ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵊⵓⵎⵜ (tagrjumt, “Latin; throat”)
- ⴰⴹⴰⴹ (aḍaḍ, “s:d×2; finger”)
- ⴰⴼⵓⴷ (afud, “pb; knee”)
- ⵉⵙⴽⵔ (iskr, “af:ⵉⵛⵛⵔ; compare ⵉⵙⴽ (+ⵔ(diminutive)?); nail”)
- ⵉⵙⵕⵎⴰⵏ (isṛman, “intestines”)
- ⴰⵎⵟⵟⴰ (amṭṭa, “af:ⴰⵎⵟⵟⴰⵡ; tear (noun)”)
- ⴰⵖⵓ (aɣu, “milk”)
- ⵟⵟⴹ (ṭṭḍ, “suckle”)
- ⵙⴰⵍ (sal, “t:ask; question”)
- ⵜⵜⵔ (ttr, “ask for”)
- ⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰ (warga, “to dream”)
- ⴱⴷⴷ (bdd, “t:to stand (up); to stand, to stop”)
- ⵏⴽⵔ (nkr, “af:ⴽⴽⵔ; t:to stand (up); to get up”)
- ⴰⵔⵡ (arw, “pb; to give birth”)
- ⵏⴹⵍ (nḍl, “af:ⵎⴹⵍ; bury”)
- ⴰⵖ … ⵛⴰ (aɣ … ca, “ⴰⵖ(take) + direct object(person) ⵛⴰ(something), lit "something has taken him", "he is sick"; t:sick; be sick, expression, direct object”)
- ⴰⵎⵓⴹⵉⵏ (amuḍin, “t:sick; sick person”)
- ⴰⴹⵏ (aḍn, “pb; t:sick; be sick, very sick”)
- ⴼⴼⵖ (ffɣ, “exit, leave”)
- ⴰⵎⵥ (amẓ, “pb; t:to take; to take, to seize, to hold”)
- ⴰⵙⵉ (asi, “pb; t:take; pick up, take”)
- ⴰⵖ (aɣ, “pb; af:ⴰⵅ; take”)
- ⵎⵔⵥⵎ (mrẓm, “open”)
- ⵍⵙ (ls, “af:ⵏⵙ; ns; put on”)
- ⵓⵙⵎ (usm, “pb; lightning”)
- ⴰⵏⵓ (anu, “pb; well (water)”)
- ⵎⵎⵖ (mmɣ, “damp”)
- ⴰⵎⴰⵍⵓ (amalu, “shadow”)
- ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ (taddart, “house”)
- ⵙⵎⵓⵎ (smum, “bitter”)
- ⵔⵥⵉⴳ (rẓig, “pb; bitter”)
- ⵙⴽⴽⵔ (skkr, “ar; drunk”)
- ⵇⵇⵉⵎ (qqim, “t:to remain; to stay, to remain, to sit”)
Others
[edit]- Check:
- <-> lack \ <#V_> > pb (vowel-initial stem implies Proto-Berber etymology)
- Unadapted pronunciation (only stops instead of fricatives known)
- Corrections (p123-124)
To do list
[edit]Others
[edit]- Done Create
{{ha-IPA}}
for Metaknowledge so that he doesn't wait too long. - Ask Sartma if wants
{{akk-IPA}}
. - Reuse it for languages whose pronunciation is regular from the spelling (PGmc, PAnat, PS).
Central Atlas Tamazight
[edit]- Done Check that all entries are standard before creating hundreds after.
- Done Check there's no schwa nor useless emphatic, r, s or t.
- Done Check the specific headword templates are everywhere.
- Done Check the all alternative forms are provided correcly.
- Done Check that the second arguments of
{{R:Penchoen:1973}}
is used when several pages cited. - Done Check there are only soft redirects, deleting the schwa ones.
- Create Wiktionary:About Central Atlas Tamazight.
- Create Appendix:Central_Atlas_Tamazight_pronunciation.
- Done Create the entries for basic vocabulary.
- Done Add letter names and pronunciations.
- Create Appendix:Central_Atlas_Tamazight_Swadesh_list.
- End reading the Penchoen's grammar and extract any information possible from it, including derivations and usage examples.
- Create:
- The categories for affix derivation.
- The alternatives forms (not as redirects but explaining how is it different).
- The translations in English entries, with gender, number and qualifier (in the thing to help adding translations on computer).
- Improve Module:number_list/data/tzm.
- Create Template:table:colors/tzm.
- Create Template:table:gregorian calendar/tzm.
- Create Template:table:seasons/tzm.
- Create Template:tzm-verbconjcat.
- Create Category:Central Atlas Tamazight form-of templates}} (to classify alternative forms).
- Create Template:list:Gregorian calendar months/tzm.
- Create Template:list:days of the week/tzm.
- Create Template:list:Tifinagh script letters/tzm.
- Create Category:Central Atlas Tamazight terms with red links in their headword lines if I decide some links have to be in headword line but I think not, it'll be easier.
- Create Category:Requests for etymologies in Central Atlas Tamazight entries with
{{rfe|tzm}}
. - Create Category:Requests for gender in Central Atlas Tamazight entries.
- Create Category:Requests for review of Central Atlas Tamazight translations.
- Create Category:Requests for translations into Central Atlas Tamazight.
- Create Appendix:Central Atlas Tamazight pronunciation.
- Create Appendix:Central Atlas Tamazight verbs.
- Create Appendix:Central Atlas Tamazight nouns.
- Program the templates:
- For inflection: gender, number, state. Total of 8 forms in the paradigm, 4×2 format.
- Can also exist just for feminine 2×2 or just for plural 2×1. State > Number > Gender.
- Conjugation: inspiring from the Arabic one or another, and don't forget extensive regex use because of the synthetic morphology).
- Eventually chose a color for tzm (to put on tables templates).
- For inflection: gender, number, state. Total of 8 forms in the paradigm, 4×2 format.
- Gather the Berber cognates on the tzm entries (using the lemmas categories of every Berber language).
- Use the material found for tzm (DGLAI and what I sent me by mail), and create reference template for them if possible.
- Read the Abd El-Massih's grammar, and extract any information possible from it, including dialectal variations of Ayt Ayache (but not Ayt Seghrouchen which, though used in this grammar, isn't a tzm), mostly for tzm-IPA and alternative forms (including in immutable templates like tzm-pronouns).
Berber languages and Proto-Berber 1
[edit]- Ask Metaknowledge his material about Berber languages and peculiarly Proto-Berber.
- Discuss about Proto-Berber 1 (Roman-Era, North-Northwest Africa) reconstructions, which are based on descendants:
- Morphology:
- I approve the split in morphemes, very useful for Berber.
- Phonology (put the lemmas):
- Vowels:
- Serious doubt on the vowel reconstructions. Long, short, but why only ă?
- Loss of short vowels (> /Ø/ [Ø] or [ə]) and long shortening.
- Consonants:
- Assimilation: nine.
- Emphatic spread from laryngeals: four, nine.
- Loss of laryngeals: one, four, seven, nine, V- nouns (glottal stop).
- Loss of /β/ at the extremities, first reduced to /h/: four, seven, iron, heart.
- Rich in stops: Afroasiatic inheritance, conservative family, chiefly stop tenses, modern spirantization.
- Also rich in fricatives: head.
- Dental becoming labial before w/u like in Latin (bonus, bi-, bellum): bear.
- Unsure sound laws:
- Zetacism: four, iron, man.
- /s/ kept: five.
- Triconsonantization of biconsonantals with tense and schwa: I, die.
- Establish regular sound correspondences/matches/changes/shifts/laws.
- Vowels:
- Tree, Berber classification:
- No classification currently though a scholar consensus I believe.
- Morphology:
- Expand Wiktionary coverage of other Berber languages, and simultaneously of Proto-Berber 1.
- Create Appendix:Berber Swadesh lists with Tashelhit, Tarifit, and possibly Kabyle or Touareg.
Para-Berber languages and Proto-Berber 2
[edit]- Learn what's known about Numidian, including the Libyan script (and possibly Guanche and other Para-Berber languages).
- Discuss how to have Numidian in the Main namespace (its writing system is almost a lookalike of Tifinagh, the differences in form seem neglectable, and (Neo-)Punic influence is evident).
- Discuss about Proto-Berber 2 (some kya earlier, somewhere in Sahara) reconstructions which are based on PB1 and Afroasiatic cognates:
- Loss of laryngeals.
- Triconsonantization of biconsonantal PAA roots.
- Vowel system.
- Reconstructions including Numidian and Guanche.
- Etc, refer to PB1 discussions.
- Check btw with the Basque Swadesh list if it's really related to Berber or one more unprovable theory.
North African languages and Proto-North-Afroasiatic
[edit]- Discuss about the Proto-Berbero-Semitic or Proto-North-Afroasiatic (with Egyptian), ie. subgrouping of PAA.
Afroasiatic languages and Proto-Afroasiatic
[edit]- Learn about an Afroasiatic languages descendant:
- Meroitic: AA inheritance.
- Cushitic: otherwise. Since reliable material exist in several languages, reliable reconstructions are more likely to exist.
- Chadic: if not Cushitic. Beginning with Masa languages.
- Omotic: btw. Little and well classified, so several stages of reconstructions are possible, so qualitative reconstructions, which will be helpful to check definitely if Afroasiatic not.
- Hoping some reliable work about Proto-Afroasiatic would exist when I'll be at this step, if so, discuss of it to include PAA reconstructions on Wiktionary.
Beyond Afroasiatic
[edit]- Compare PAA to PIE, I feel something between them which intrigues me... If they seem so close there can't be doubt, discuss of some Afreurasiatic family, but this anyway will be faaaaar from now (19:37, 24 April 2021 (UTC)).