adcí

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• ad·cíi

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) From Proto-Celtic *ad-kʷiseti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“observe”). The deuterotonic perfect forms and the present indicative ro-form ad·rodarcar are from Proto-Celtic *derk-, from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).

Cognate with Sanskrit चायति (cāyati, “perceive”). The ro-forms are cognate with Sanskrit दृश् (dṛś), Ancient Greek δέρκομαι (dérkomai), Old English torht (“bright, clear”), Albanian dritë (“light”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aðˈkʲiː/

Verb

ad·cí (prototonic ·aicci, verbal noun aicsiu)

1. to see, to behold
2. to perceive
3. (in passive) to seem, to appear
   • c. 750 Preface to Saint Patrick's Breastplate, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, (1901–03, Cambridge University Press; reprinted 1975, 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, 2:354–58:

     conid annsin atchessa fiad lucht na netarnade comtis aige alta ⁊ iarróe ina ndiaid .i. Benen

     And then it appeared before those lying in ambush that they were wild deer with a fawn (Benén) following them.

For more quotations using this term, see Citations:adcí.

Usage notes

The present-tense ro-forms ·airciu, ad·rodarcar, etc., mean “can see”, “can be seen”, etc.

Conjugation

Complex, class A III present, reduplicated preterite, s future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.	ad·cíu, ad·cím	ad·cí	ad·cí, ad·cíi atob·cí (with infixed pronoun dob-)	ad·ciam	ad·cíd	ad·ciat	ad·cíther ad·rodarcar (ro-form)	ad·cíter
	Prot.	·aicciu, ·accim ·airciu (ro-form)	·accai, ·aci	·aicci	·accam, ·aciam	·accid	·accat, ·acat	·acastar, ·accastar, ·aiccither
Imperfect indicative	Deut.			ad·cíd			ad·cítis	ad·cíthe	ad·cítis
	Prot.	·aiccinn						·aicthe
Preterite	Deut.	co·n-acca	co·n-acca	co·n-accae	co·n-accamar		co·n-accatar	ad·cess	ad·cessa at·chessa (with infixed pronoun d-)
	Prot.	·acca	·acca	·accae, ·acæ	·accamar		·accatar	·aicces, ·aiccess	·aicessa
Perfect	Deut.	ad·condarc	ad·condarc	ad·condairc	ad·condarcmar	ad·condarcaid	ad·condarctar
	Prot.	·acca	·acca	·accae	·accamar		·accatar
Future	Deut.		ad·cichi, ad·cichither				ad·cichset	ad·cichestar, ad·cigestar	ad·cichsiter
	Prot.	·accus		·aiccigi			·aiccichet
Conditional	Deut.			ad·ciched			ad·cichitis
	Prot.			·aicciged
Present subjunctive	Deut.	ad·cear				ad·ceid, ad·ced	ad·cetar, ad·ceter	ad·cethar
	Prot.	·accar	·aicther	·acathar, ·accathar, ·accadar	·accamar		·accatar	·accastar ·arcastar (ro-form)
Past subjunctive	Deut.	ad·ceinn	ad·cetha	ad·ceth		ad·ceithe	ad·ceitis	ad·ceithe, ad·cethe
	Prot.	·accinn		·aicced			·accaitis	·aiciste	·aiccitis
Imperative
Verbal noun		aicsiu
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• fris·acci
• imm·acci

Descendants

• Irish: feic, chí
• Manx: faik
• Scottish Gaelic: faic, chì

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ad·cí	ad·chí	ad·cí pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ad·cí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language