Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/derḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*derḱ- (perfective)

1. to see

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *derḱ- (41 c, 0 e)

• *dérḱ-t ~ *dr̥ḱ-ént (root aorist)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἔδρᾰκον (édrakon), δρακείς (drakeís, traditionally analyzed as aor.pass.part. but probably an athematic aorist [Forssman 1964])
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dárćam (1sg.aor.inj.)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dárśam
      • Sanskrit: दर्शम् (dárśam)
    • Proto-Iranian: *dárćam
      • Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬆𐬨 (dar^əsəm)
• *de-dórḱ-e ~ *de-dr̥ḱ-ḗr (perfect)
  • Proto-Celtic: *ad-kom-dark-
    • Old Irish: ad·condairc (perfect of ad·cí)
      • Irish: chonaic (past tense of feic)
      • Manx: honnick (past tense of faik)
      • Scottish Gaelic: chunnaic (past tense of faic)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: δέδορκεν (dédorken)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dadárća, *dadr̥ćay
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dadárśa, *dadr̥śay
      • Sanskrit: ददर्श (dadárśa), ददृशे (dádṛśe) (merged with the past tense of पश्यति (páśyati))
    • Proto-Iranian: *dadárca
      • Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀 (dādar^əsa)
• *dorḱ-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Germanic: *tarhijaną (with irregular -h-)
    • Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gatarhjan)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *darćáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *darśáyati
      • Sanskrit: दर्शयति (darśáyati)
• *dérḱ-e-ti (secondary root present)
  • Proto-Celtic: *derketi (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *dérkomai
    • Ancient Greek: δέρκομαι (dérkomai)
      • ⇒? δράκων (drákōn, “serpent, dragon”)
• *dérḱ-mn̥
  • Proto-Hellenic: *dérkmə
    • Ancient Greek: δέργμα (dérgma)
• *dérḱ-s ~ *dr̥ḱ-és (“eye”, root noun)
  • ⇒ *dr̥ḱ-eh₂
    • Proto-Celtic: *drikā (“face”) (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ *derḱ-o-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *derkos
      • Old Irish: derc
        • Middle Irish: derc
          • Irish: dearc, dearca, deirc
          • Scottish Gaelic: dearc
  • ⇒ *dŕ̥ḱ-o-s
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: δράκος (drákos)
  • ⇒? *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru (“tear”, noun, literally “eye-sharp/bitter”) (compound with *h₂éḱru)
• *dérḱ-ti-s ~ *dr̥ḱ-téy-s (> *dr̥ḱ-ti-s)
  • Proto-Albanian: *driktā
    • Albanian: dritë
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥štiš
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥ṣṭiṣ
      • Sanskrit: दृष्टि (dṛ́ṣṭi) (see there for further descendants)
• *dr̥ḱ-tó-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *turhtaz (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *turhtōną
      • Old High German: ougozorhtōn
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥štás (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: տեսանեմ (tesanem)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *darć-
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *darś-
    • Sanskrit: दृश् (dṛś)