akkuna

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *akkuna, borrowed from Old East Slavic окъно (okŭno) (whence also Russian окно́ (oknó)), from Proto-Slavic *okъno. Cognate to Estonian aken, Udmurt укно (ukno).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑkːunɑ/, [ˈɑ̝kːunɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑkːunɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ak‧ku‧na
• Hyphenation^(key): ak‧ku‧na

Noun

akkuna

1. (now dialectal) synonym of ikkuna

   Alternative forms: akku, aakkona, akkona (obsolete), aackona

   • 1548, Mikael Agricola, transl., Se Wsi Testamenti [The New Testament], Stockholm, Apostolitten Teghot (Acts) 20:9:

     yxi Noricainen, nimelde Eutychus, iſtui ackonalla

     [yksi Noorikainen, nimeltä Eutychus, istui akkunalla]

     Seated in a window was a young man named Eutychus

Usage notes

akkuna remains the traditional word in most western dialects, especially in Southwest Finland and Ostrobothnia, where ikkuna is rarely, if at all, attested. ikkuna is found throughout the eastern Finnish dialects as well as the northern dialects. In the Tavastian dialects, both may occur, and one or the other may be considered the "new, snobby" word in these regions (although such prejudices may have since become less frequent due to the pervasive influence of the standard language).

Declension

Inflection of akkuna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		akkuna	akkunat
genitive		akkunan	akkunoiden akkunoitten
partitive		akkunaa	akkunoita
illative		akkunaan	akkunoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		akkuna	akkunat
accusative	nom.	akkuna	akkunat
	gen.	akkunan
genitive		akkunan	akkunoiden akkunoitten akkunain rare
partitive		akkunaa	akkunoita
inessive		akkunassa	akkunoissa
elative		akkunasta	akkunoista
illative		akkunaan	akkunoihin
adessive		akkunalla	akkunoilla
ablative		akkunalta	akkunoilta
allative		akkunalle	akkunoille
essive		akkunana	akkunoina
translative		akkunaksi	akkunoiksi
abessive		akkunatta	akkunoitta
instructive		—	akkunoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of akkuna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative akkunani akkunani accusative nom. akkunani akkunani gen. akkunani genitive akkunani akkunoideni akkunoitteni akkunaini rare partitive akkunaani akkunoitani inessive akkunassani akkunoissani elative akkunastani akkunoistani illative akkunaani akkunoihini adessive akkunallani akkunoillani ablative akkunaltani akkunoiltani allative akkunalleni akkunoilleni essive akkunanani akkunoinani translative akkunakseni akkunoikseni abessive akkunattani akkunoittani instructive — — comitative — akkunoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative akkunasi akkunasi accusative nom. akkunasi akkunasi gen. akkunasi genitive akkunasi akkunoidesi akkunoittesi akkunaisi rare partitive akkunaasi akkunoitasi inessive akkunassasi akkunoissasi elative akkunastasi akkunoistasi illative akkunaasi akkunoihisi adessive akkunallasi akkunoillasi ablative akkunaltasi akkunoiltasi allative akkunallesi akkunoillesi essive akkunanasi akkunoinasi translative akkunaksesi akkunoiksesi abessive akkunattasi akkunoittasi instructive — — comitative — akkunoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative akkunamme akkunamme accusative nom. akkunamme akkunamme gen. akkunamme genitive akkunamme akkunoidemme akkunoittemme akkunaimme rare partitive akkunaamme akkunoitamme inessive akkunassamme akkunoissamme elative akkunastamme akkunoistamme illative akkunaamme akkunoihimme adessive akkunallamme akkunoillamme ablative akkunaltamme akkunoiltamme allative akkunallemme akkunoillemme essive akkunanamme akkunoinamme translative akkunaksemme akkunoiksemme abessive akkunattamme akkunoittamme instructive — — comitative — akkunoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative akkunanne akkunanne accusative nom. akkunanne akkunanne gen. akkunanne genitive akkunanne akkunoidenne akkunoittenne akkunainne rare partitive akkunaanne akkunoitanne inessive akkunassanne akkunoissanne elative akkunastanne akkunoistanne illative akkunaanne akkunoihinne adessive akkunallanne akkunoillanne ablative akkunaltanne akkunoiltanne allative akkunallenne akkunoillenne essive akkunananne akkunoinanne translative akkunaksenne akkunoiksenne abessive akkunattanne akkunoittanne instructive — — comitative — akkunoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative akkunansa akkunansa accusative nom. akkunansa akkunansa gen. akkunansa genitive akkunansa akkunoidensa akkunoittensa akkunainsa rare partitive akkunaansa akkunoitaan akkunoitansa inessive akkunassaan akkunassansa akkunoissaan akkunoissansa elative akkunastaan akkunastansa akkunoistaan akkunoistansa illative akkunaansa akkunoihinsa adessive akkunallaan akkunallansa akkunoillaan akkunoillansa ablative akkunaltaan akkunaltansa akkunoiltaan akkunoiltansa allative akkunalleen akkunallensa akkunoilleen akkunoillensa essive akkunanaan akkunanansa akkunoinaan akkunoinansa translative akkunakseen akkunaksensa akkunoikseen akkunoiksensa abessive akkunattaan akkunattansa akkunoittaan akkunoittansa instructive — — comitative — akkunoineen akkunoinensa

Further reading

• “akkuna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023
• “akkuna”, in Suomen murteiden sanakirja [Dictionary of Finnish Dialects]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2022, →ISSN, retrieved 4 August 2024.
• “akkuna”, in Vanhan kirjasuomen sanakirja [Dictionary of Old Literary Finnish]‎^[4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2021, →ISSN, retrieved 4 August 2024.

Anagrams

• kaakun, kukaan, nukkaa

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑkːunɑ/, [ˈɑkːŭn]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑkːunɑ/, [ˈɑkːunɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑkːun, -ɑkːunɑ
• Hyphenation: ak‧ku‧na

Noun

akkuna

1. (obsolete) alternative form of ikkuna
   • 1924, Juho Lukkarinen, quoting Mikulkan nainen, “3563. Narvusi, Pärspää, n. 505”, in Väinö Salminen, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot‎^[5], volume III3, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 3-4:

     Ikkunoista, akkunoista! // Terve kuu, terve päivä,

     From the windows, from the fenestrae! // Hello moon, hello sun,

Declension

Declension of akkuna (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	akkuna	akkunat
genitive	akkunan	akkunoin
partitive	akkunaa	akkunoja
illative	akkunaa	akkunoihe
inessive	akkunaas	akkunois
elative	akkunast	akkunoist
allative	akkunalle	akkunoille
adessive	akkunaal	akkunoil
ablative	akkunalt	akkunoilt
translative	akkunaks	akkunoiks
essive	akkunanna, akkunaan	akkunoinna, akkunoin
exessive1)	akkunant	akkunoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Fedor Tumansky (1790), “аккуна”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 689