atrox

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *atro-ek, from *h₂eh₁tro-h₃kʷs (“having the appearance of fire”), from *h₂eh₁tro- (suffixed, metathesized form of *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”)) + *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”). The first root also gives the cognates of Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱 (ātarš, “fire”), Umbrian [script needed] (atru), Oscan [script needed] (Aadíriis), Irish áith (“kiln”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈa.troːks/, [ˈät̪roːks̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.troks/, [ˈäːt̪roks]

Adjective

atrōx (genitive atrōcis, comparative atrōcior, superlative atrōcissimus, adverb atrōciter); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. fierce, savage, bloody
2. heinous, cruel, severe
3. terrible, frightening, dreadful

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	atrōx			atrōcēs	atrōcia
Genitive	atrōcis			atrōcium
Dative	atrōcī			atrōcibus
Accusative	atrōcem	atrōx		atrōcēs	atrōcia
Ablative	atrōcī			atrōcibus
Vocative	atrōx			atrōcēs	atrōcia

Derived terms

• atrōcitās
• atrōciter

Descendants

• Catalan: atroç
• English: atrocious
• French: atroce
• Italian: atroce

• Romanian: atroce
• Portuguese: atroz
• Spanish: atroz

References

• “atrox”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “atrox”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• atrox in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a bloody battle: proelium cruentum, atrox