bëc
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "bec"
Kashubian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bëc impf (frequentative bëwac)
- (copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class
- (copulative) to be auxilary verb used for predication [with adjective]
- (intransitive) to be; to exist
- (auxiliary) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]
- (auxiliary) forms pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]
- (auxiliary) forms the passive voice [with passive participle]
Declension
[edit]Conjugation of bëc (irregular) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
person | singular | plural | polite | ||||||||||||||
masculine | feminine | neuter | virile | nonvirile | virile | ||||||||||||
infinitive | bëc | ||||||||||||||||
present tense | 1st | jem | jesmë | — | |||||||||||||
2nd | jes | jesta | jesce | ||||||||||||||
3rd | je | są | — | ||||||||||||||
future tense | 1st | bądã, bãdã, mdã | bądzemë, bãdzemë, mdzemë | — | |||||||||||||
2nd | bądzesz, bãdzesz, mdzesz | bądzeta, bãdzeta, mdzeta | bądzece, bãdzece, mdzece | ||||||||||||||
3rd | bądze, bãdze, mdze | bãdą, bądą, mdą | — | ||||||||||||||
-ł forms | béł | bëła | bëło | bëlë | bëłë | bëlë | |||||||||||
imperative | 1st | niech bądã, niech bãdã, niech mdã | bãdzëmë, bądzmë | — | |||||||||||||
2nd | bãdzë, bądz | bãdzëta, bądzta | bãdzëce, bądzce | ||||||||||||||
3rd | niech bądze, niech bãdze, niech mdze | niech bãdą, niech bądą, niech mdą | — |
Further reading
[edit]- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “béc”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 6
- Sychta, Bernard (1967) “bëc”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 27
- Jan Trepczyk (1994) “być”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “być”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[1]
- “bëc”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Slovincian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bỳti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bëc impf (frequentative bëwac)
- (copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class
- (copulative) to be auxilary verb used for predication [with adjective]
- (intransitive) to be; to exist
- (auxiliary) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]
- (auxiliary) forms pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]
- (auxiliary) forms the passive voice [with passive participle]
Declension
[edit]Conjugation of bëc (irregular)
singular | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||||
infinitive | bëc | ||||||
present | 1st | jêm | |||||
2st | jês | ||||||
3st | jê/jêsta | ||||||
future | 1st | bóm/bõdã | |||||
2st | bõsz | ||||||
3st | bõ | ||||||
imperative | 1st | — | |||||
2st | bãdzë | ||||||
3st | bãdzë | ||||||
dual | |||||||
virile | nonvirile | ||||||
present | 1st | jêsma, jêsmë | |||||
2st | jêsta, jêste | ||||||
3st | — | ||||||
future | 1st | bóma/bómë | |||||
2st | bõta/bõte | ||||||
3st | — | ||||||
imperative | 1st | bãdzëma | |||||
2st | bãdzëta/bãdzëte | ||||||
3st | — | ||||||
plural | |||||||
virile | nonvirile | ||||||
present | 1st | jêsmë | |||||
2st | jêsce | ||||||
3st | sõ | ||||||
future | 1st | bómë | |||||
2st | bõce | ||||||
3st | bõdõ | ||||||
imperative | 1st | bãdzëmë | |||||
2st | bãdzëce | ||||||
3st | — | ||||||
masculine singular | feminine singular | neuter singular | |||||
past forms | bél | bëla | bëlô | ||||
virile dual | nonvirile dual | ||||||
bëla | bële | ||||||
virile plural | nonvirile plural | ||||||
bëly | bële | ||||||
active present participle | bãdõcy | ||||||
present adverbial participle | bãdõce | ||||||
verbal noun | bëcé |
Derived terms
[edit]verbs
- dôbëc pf, dôbëwac impf
- nabëc pf, nabëwac impf
- przêbëc pf, przêbëwac impf
- przêdôbëc pf, przêdôbëwac impf
- przëbëc pf, przëbëwac impf
- pôbëc pf
- pôzbëc pf, pôzbëwac impf
- wëbëc pf, wëbëwac impf
- wëdôbëc pf, wëdôbëwac impf
- wëzbëc pf, wëzbëwac impf
- wôbëc pf, wôbëwac impf
- wôdbëc pf, wôdbëwac impf
- wôddôbëc pf
- wùbëc pf, wùbëwac impf
- zabëc pf, zabëwac impf
- zbëc pf, zbëwac impf
- zdôbëc pf, zdôbëwac impf
Further reading
[edit]- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “bȧ̃c”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[2] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 19
Categories:
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Kashubian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɜt͡s
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɜt͡s/1 syllable
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian verbs
- Kashubian imperfective verbs
- Kashubian copulative verbs
- Kashubian intransitive verbs
- Kashubian auxiliary verbs
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovincian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Slovincian/ət͡s
- Rhymes:Slovincian/ət͡s/1 syllable
- Slovincian lemmas
- Slovincian verbs
- Slovincian imperfective verbs
- Slovincian copulative verbs
- Slovincian intransitive verbs
- Slovincian auxiliary verbs