bëc

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Kashubian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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bëc impf (frequentative bëwac)

  1. (copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class
  2. (copulative) to be auxilary verb used for predication [with adjective]
  3. (intransitive) to be; to exist
  4. (auxiliary) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]
  5. (auxiliary) forms pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]
  6. (auxiliary) forms the passive voice [with passive participle]

Declension

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Conjugation of bëc (irregular)
person singular plural polite
masculine feminine neuter virile nonvirile virile
infinitive bëc
present tense 1st jem jesmë
2nd jes jesta jesce
3rd je
future tense 1st bądã, bãdã, mdã bądzemë, bãdzemë, mdzemë
2nd bądzesz, bãdzesz, mdzesz bądzeta, bãdzeta, mdzeta bądzece, bãdzece, mdzece
3rd bądze, bãdze, mdze bãdą, bądą, mdą
-ł forms béł bëła bëło bëlë bëłë bëlë
imperative 1st niech bądã, niech bãdã, niech mdã bãdzëmë, bądzmë
2nd bãdzë, bądz bãdzëta, bądzta bãdzëce, bądzce
3rd niech bądze, niech bãdze, niech mdze niech bãdą, niech bądą, niech mdą

Further reading

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  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “béc”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 6
  • Sychta, Bernard (1967) “bëc”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 27
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “być”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “być”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[1]
  • bëc”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Slovincian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bỳti.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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bëc impf (frequentative bëwac)

  1. (copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class
  2. (copulative) to be auxilary verb used for predication [with adjective]
  3. (intransitive) to be; to exist
  4. (auxiliary) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]
  5. (auxiliary) forms pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]
  6. (auxiliary) forms the passive voice [with passive participle]

Declension

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Derived terms

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verbs

Further reading

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