brjóta
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Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse brjóta, from Proto-Germanic *breutaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]brjóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative braut, third-person plural past indicative brutu, supine brotið)
- (transitive, governs the accusative) to break
- (transitive, governs the accusative, of laundry, paper, etc.) to fold
- (impersonal) to break
- Sjórinn var ófær ef öldu braut á eyjunni.
- The sea was impassable if a wave broke on the island.
- Ölduna braut á skerinu.
- The wave broke on the skerry.
- Bátinn braut í spón.
- The boat was smashed into pieces.
Conjugation
[edit]brjóta — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að brjóta | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
brotið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
brjótandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég brýt | við brjótum | present (nútíð) |
ég brjóti | við brjótum |
þú brýtur | þið brjótið | þú brjótir | þið brjótið | ||
hann, hún, það brýtur | þeir, þær, þau brjóta | hann, hún, það brjóti | þeir, þær, þau brjóti | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég braut | við brutum | past (þátíð) |
ég bryti | við brytum |
þú braust | þið brutuð | þú brytir | þið brytuð | ||
hann, hún, það braut | þeir, þær, þau brutu | hann, hún, það bryti | þeir, þær, þau brytu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
brjót (þú) | brjótið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
brjóttu | brjótiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að brjótast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
brotist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
brjótandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég brýst | við brjótumst | present (nútíð) |
ég brjótist | við brjótumst |
þú brýst | þið brjótist | þú brjótist | þið brjótist | ||
hann, hún, það brýst | þeir, þær, þau brjótast | hann, hún, það brjótist | þeir, þær, þau brjótist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég braust | við brutumst | past (þátíð) |
ég brytist | við brytumst |
þú braust | þið brutust | þú brytist | þið brytust | ||
hann, hún, það braust | þeir, þær, þau brutust | hann, hún, það brytist | þeir, þær, þau brytust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
brjóst (þú) | brjótist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
brjóstu | brjótisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
brotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
brotinn | brotin | brotið | brotnir | brotnar | brotin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
brotinn | brotna | brotið | brotna | brotnar | brotin | |
dative (þágufall) |
brotnum | brotinni | brotnu | brotnum | brotnum | brotnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
brotins | brotinnar | brotins | brotinna | brotinna | brotinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
brotni | brotna | brotna | brotnu | brotnu | brotnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
brotna | brotnu | brotna | brotnu | brotnu | brotnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
brotna | brotnu | brotna | brotnu | brotnu | brotnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
brotna | brotnu | brotna | brotnu | brotnu | brotnu |
Synonyms
[edit]- (break): mölva, smalla
- (fold): brjóta saman, leggja saman
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
References
[edit]- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
Old Norse
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ᛒᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁ (briuti) — Runic form, 3rd singular present subjunctive
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Norse ᛒᛡᚱᚢᛏᛉ (bᴀrutʀ /bᵃrȳtʀ/), ᛒᛡᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁᚦ (bᴀriutiþ /bᵃriutiþ/), from Proto-Germanic *breutaną.
Verb
[edit]brjóta (singular past indicative braut, plural past indicative brutu, past participle brotinn)
- (transitive) to break
- (transitive) to break open
- (transitive) to destroy, demolish
- (transitive) to break, violate, transgress
- en ér konungr brutuð lǫg á Agli
- but you, King, broke the law in Egil's case
- (transitive) to force, compel
- Synonym: þvinga
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of brjóta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive | brjóta | |
---|---|---|
present participle | brjótandi | |
past participle | brotinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | brýt | braut |
2nd-person singular | brýtr | brauzt |
3rd-person singular | brýtr | braut |
1st-person plural | brjótum | brutum |
2nd-person plural | brjótið | brutuð |
3rd-person plural | brjóta | brutu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | brjóta | bryta |
2nd-person singular | brjótir | brytir |
3rd-person singular | brjóti | bryti |
1st-person plural | brjótim | brytim |
2nd-person plural | brjótið | brytið |
3rd-person plural | brjóti | bryti |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | brjót | |
1st-person plural | brjótum | |
2nd-person plural | brjótið |
Conjugation of brjóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive | brjótask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | brjótandisk | |
past participle | brotizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | brjótumk | brutumk |
2nd-person singular | brýzk | brauzk |
3rd-person singular | brýzk | brauzk |
1st-person plural | brjótumsk | brutumsk |
2nd-person plural | brjótizk | brutuzk |
3rd-person plural | brjótask | brutusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | brjótumk | brytumk |
2nd-person singular | brjótisk | brytisk |
3rd-person singular | brjótisk | brytisk |
1st-person plural | brjótimsk | brytimsk |
2nd-person plural | brjótizk | brytizk |
3rd-person plural | brjótisk | brytisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | brjózk | |
1st-person plural | brjótumsk | |
2nd-person plural | brjótizk |
Descendants
[edit]- Icelandic: brjóta
- Faroese: bróta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: brjota, bryta
- Jamtish: brǿte
- Elfdalian: briuota
- Old Swedish: brȳta
- Swedish: bryta
- Old Danish: brȳtæ
- Gutnish: braute
References
[edit]- “brjóta”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Categories:
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ouːta
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ouːta/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic transitive verbs
- Icelandic impersonal verbs
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Icelandic class 2 strong verbs
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse transitive verbs
- Old Norse terms with usage examples
- Old Norse class 2 strong verbs