captivus

Latin

Etymology

From captus (“to capture”) +‎ -īvus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kapˈtiː.u̯us/, [käpˈt̪iːu̯ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kapˈti.vus/, [käpˈt̪iːvus]

Noun

captīvus m (genitive captīvī); second declension

1. a captive, a prisoner

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	captīvus	captīvī
Genitive	captīvī	captīvōrum
Dative	captīvō	captīvīs
Accusative	captīvum	captīvōs
Ablative	captīvō	captīvīs
Vocative	captīve	captīvī

Adjective

captīvus (feminine captīva, neuter captīvum); first/second-declension adjective

1. captive
2. captured
3. imprisoned

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	captīvus	captīva	captīvum		captīvī	captīvae	captīva
Genitive	captīvī	captīvae	captīvī		captīvōrum	captīvārum	captīvōrum
Dative	captīvō		captīvō		captīvīs
Accusative	captīvum	captīvam	captīvum		captīvōs	captīvās	captīva
Ablative	captīvō	captīvā	captīvō		captīvīs
Vocative	captīve	captīva	captīvum		captīvī	captīvae	captīva

Derived terms

• captīva
• captīvitas
• captīvō

Descendants

• Asturian: cativu
• English: captive, caitiff
• French: captif, chétif
• Friulian: cjâtif
• Galician: cativo
• Italian: cattivo
• Mozarabic: قَطيفّه (cativu)

• Old French: caitif, chaitif
• Old Occitan: caitiu
• Old Galician-Portuguese: cativo
• Portuguese: cativo
• Romanian: captiv
• Sicilian: cattivu
• Spanish: cativo, captivo, cautivo
• Venetian: cativo

References

• “captivus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “captivus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• captivus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• captivus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to exchange prisoners: captivos permutare, commutare
    
  • to ransom prisoners: captivos redimere (Off. 2. 18)
    
  • to restore prisoners without ransom: captivos sine pretio reddere