cipel
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perhaps shortened from cipekedik (“to carry”) + -el (verb-forming suffix). First attested in 1792.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cipel
- (transitive) to drag, lug, tote (to carry something heavy, with great effort)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of cipel
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | cipelek | cipelsz | cipel | cipelünk | cipeltek | cipelnek | |
Def. | cipelem | cipeled | cipeli | cipeljük | cipelitek | cipelik | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipellek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | cipeltem | cipeltél | cipelt | cipeltünk | cipeltetek | cipeltek | ||
Def. | cipeltem | cipelted | cipelte | cipeltük | cipeltétek | cipelték | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipeltelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. cipelni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | cipelék | cipelél | cipele | cipelénk | cipelétek | cipelének | ||
Def. | cipelém | cipeléd | cipelé | cipelénk | cipelétek | cipelék | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. cipel vala, cipelt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | cipelendek | cipelendesz | cipelend | cipelendünk | cipelendetek | cipelendenek | ||
Def. | cipelendem | cipelended | cipelendi | cipelendjük | cipelenditek | cipelendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | cipelnék | cipelnél | cipelne | cipelnénk | cipelnétek | cipelnének | |
Def. | cipelném | cipelnéd | cipelné | cipelnénk (or cipelnők) |
cipelnétek | cipelnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. cipelt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | cipeljek | cipelj or cipeljél |
cipeljen | cipeljünk | cipeljetek | cipeljenek | |
Def. | cipeljem | cipeld or cipeljed |
cipelje | cipeljük | cipeljétek | cipeljék | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipeljelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. cipelt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | cipelni | cipelnem | cipelned | cipelnie | cipelnünk | cipelnetek | cipelniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
cipelés | cipelő | cipelt | cipelendő | cipelve (cipelvén) | cipeltet | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of cipel
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | cipelhetek | cipelhetsz | cipelhet | cipelhetünk | cipelhettek | cipelhetnek | |
Def. | cipelhetem | cipelheted | cipelheti | cipelhetjük | cipelhetitek | cipelhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | cipelhettem | cipelhettél | cipelhetett | cipelhettünk | cipelhettetek | cipelhettek | ||
Def. | cipelhettem | cipelhetted | cipelhette | cipelhettük | cipelhettétek | cipelhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | cipelheték | cipelhetél | cipelhete | cipelheténk | cipelhetétek | cipelhetének | ||
Def. | cipelhetém | cipelhetéd | cipelheté | cipelheténk | cipelhetétek | cipelheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. cipelhet vala, cipelhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | cipelhetendek or cipelandhatok |
cipelhetendesz or cipelandhatsz |
cipelhetend or cipelandhat |
cipelhetendünk or cipelandhatunk |
cipelhetendetek or cipelandhattok |
cipelhetendenek or cipelandhatnak | ||
Def. | cipelhetendem or cipelandhatom |
cipelhetended or cipelandhatod |
cipelhetendi or cipelandhatja |
cipelhetendjük or cipelandhatjuk |
cipelhetenditek or cipelandhatjátok |
cipelhetendik or cipelandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelhetendelek or cipelandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | cipelhetnék | cipelhetnél | cipelhetne | cipelhetnénk | cipelhetnétek | cipelhetnének | |
Def. | cipelhetném | cipelhetnéd | cipelhetné | cipelhetnénk (or cipelhetnők) |
cipelhetnétek | cipelhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. cipelhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | cipelhessek | cipelhess or cipelhessél |
cipelhessen | cipelhessünk | cipelhessetek | cipelhessenek | |
Def. | cipelhessem | cipelhesd or cipelhessed |
cipelhesse | cipelhessük | cipelhessétek | cipelhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | cipelhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. cipelhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (cipelhetni) | (cipelhetnem) | (cipelhetned) | (cipelhetnie) | (cipelhetnünk) | (cipelhetnetek) | (cipelhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | cipelhető | Neg. adj. | cipelhetetlen | Adv. part. | (cipelhetve / cipelhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ cipel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- cipel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- cipel in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).