Irish
Etymology
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From Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (“cross”).
Noun
cros f (genitive singular croise, nominative plural crosa)
- cross
- crosspiece
- trial, affliction
- prohibition
Declension
Derived terms
Verb
cros (present analytic crosann, future analytic crosfaidh, verbal noun crosadh, past participle crosta)
- cross
- traverse
- prohibit, forbid
- contradict
Conjugation
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singular
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plural
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relative
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autonomous
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first
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second
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third
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first
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second
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third
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indicative
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present
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crosaim
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crosann tú; crosair†
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crosann sé, sí
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crosaimid
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crosann sibh
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crosann siad; crosaid†
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a chrosann; a chrosas / a gcrosann*; a gcrosas*
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crostar
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past
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chros mé; chrosas
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chros tú; chrosais
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chros sé, sí
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chrosamar; chros muid
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chros sibh; chrosabhair
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chros siad; chrosadar
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a chros / ar chros*
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crosadh
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past habitual
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chrosainn / gcrosainn‡‡
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chrostá / gcrostᇇ
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chrosadh sé, sí / gcrosadh sé, s퇇
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chrosaimis; chrosadh muid / gcrosaimis‡‡; gcrosadh muid‡‡
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chrosadh sibh / gcrosadh sibh‡‡
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chrosaidís; chrosadh siad / gcrosaidís‡‡; gcrosadh siad‡‡
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a chrosadh / a gcrosadh*
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chrostaí / gcrosta퇇
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future
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crosfaidh mé; crosfad
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crosfaidh tú; crosfair†
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crosfaidh sé, sí
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crosfaimid; crosfaidh muid
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crosfaidh sibh
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crosfaidh siad; crosfaid†
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a chrosfaidh; a chrosfas / a gcrosfaidh*; a gcrosfas*
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crosfar
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conditional
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chrosfainn / gcrosfainn‡‡
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chrosfá / gcrosfᇇ
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chrosfadh sé, sí / gcrosfadh sé, s퇇
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chrosfaimis; chrosfadh muid / gcrosfaimis‡‡; gcrosfadh muid‡‡
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chrosfadh sibh / gcrosfadh sibh‡‡
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chrosfaidís; chrosfadh siad / gcrosfaidís‡‡; gcrosfadh siad‡‡
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a chrosfadh / a gcrosfadh*
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chrosfaí / gcrosfa퇇
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subjunctive
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present
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go gcrosa mé; go gcrosad†
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go gcrosa tú; go gcrosair†
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go gcrosa sé, sí
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go gcrosaimid; go gcrosa muid
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go gcrosa sibh
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go gcrosa siad; go gcrosaid†
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—
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go gcrostar
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past
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dá gcrosainn
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dá gcrostá
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dá gcrosadh sé, sí
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dá gcrosaimis; dá gcrosadh muid
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dá gcrosadh sibh
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dá gcrosaidís; dá gcrosadh siad
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—
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dá gcrostaí
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imperative
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crosaim
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cros
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crosadh sé, sí
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crosaimis
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crosaigí; crosaidh†
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crosaidís
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—
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crostar
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verbal noun
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crosadh
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past participle
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crosta
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* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
Irish mutation
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Radical
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Lenition
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Eclipsis
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cros
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chros
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gcros
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Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cros”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “cros”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “cros”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024