trial

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɹaɪəl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪəl

Etymology 1

From Middle English trial, from Anglo-Norman trial, from Old French trier (“to pick out, cull”) + -al. More at English try.

Noun

trial (plural trials)

1. An opportunity to test something out; a test.

   They will perform the trials for the new equipment next week.

2. Appearance at judicial court in order to be examined.
3. A difficult or annoying experience.

   That boy was a trial to his parents.

4. A tryout to pick members of a team.

   soccer trials

5. (ceramics) A piece of ware used to test the heat of a kiln.
6. (Britain) An internal examination set by Eton College.

Translations

chance to test something out

• Armenian: փորձ (hy) (pʿorj), փորձարկում (hy) (pʿorjarkum)
• Bulgarian: изпитание (bg) n (izpitánie), опит (bg) m (ópit), проба (bg) f (próba), изпробване (bg) n (izpróbvane)
• Catalan: prova (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 考驗 (zh), 考验 (zh) (kǎoyàn), 試驗 (zh), 试验 (zh) (shìyàn)

• Czech: zkouška (cs) f
• Dutch: proef (nl) c, test (nl) c
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: koetus (fi), koe (fi)
• French: essai (fr) m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Versuch (de) m, Prüfung (de) f, Probe (de) f
• Greek: δοκιμή (el) f (dokimí)

  Ancient Greek: πεῖρα f (peîra)

• Hebrew: ניסיון‎‎ (he) m (nisayon)
• Hungarian: próba (hu)
• Irish: tástáil f

• Italian: prova (it) f, test (it) m
• Japanese: 試験 (ja) (しけん, shiken), 試し (ためし, tameshi)
• Khmer: បរីក្សា (pa’re’ksaa)
• Latin: periculum (la) n, experimentum n
• Malay: percubaan
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: próba (pl) f, test (pl) m
• Portuguese: ensaio (pt) m, prova (pt) f, experiência (pt) f
• Russian: испыта́ние (ru) n (ispytánije), о́пыт (ru) m (ópyt), про́ба (ru) f (próba)
• Scottish Gaelic: dearbhadh m
• Spanish: ensayo (es) m, prueba (es) f, experimento (es) m
• Swedish: test (sv) n
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: deney (tr)
• Ukrainian: випробува́ння (vyprobuvánnja)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

appearance at judicial court

• Albanian: gjyq (sq) m
• Arabic: مُحَاكَمَة‎‎ (muḥākama)
• Armenian: դատ (hy) (dat), դատավարություն (hy) (datavarutʿyun)
• Aromanian: giudicatã f, giudets n
• Bulgarian: съд (bg) m (səd), процес (bg) m (protsés)
• Catalan: procés m, judici (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 審訊 (zh), 审讯 (zh) (shěnxùn)

• Czech: přelíčení n
• Dutch: rechtzaak c, proces (nl) n
• Esperanto: proceso (eo)
• Finnish: oikeudenkäynti (fi)
• French: procès (fr) m
• Galician: xuízo m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Verhör (de) n, Prozeß (de) m, Gerichtsverhandlung (de) f
• Greek: δίκη (el) f (díki), εκδίκαση (el) f (ekdíkasi)
• Hebrew: משפט‎‎ (he) m (mishpat)
• Hungarian: tárgyalás (hu)
• Italian: processo (it) m

• Japanese: 裁判 (ja) (さいばん, sáiban), 公判 (こうはん, kōhan)
• Khmer: ក្តី (kdəy), ជំនុំជំរះក្តី (cumnum cumreah kdəy)
• Malay: perbicaraan
• Maori: whakawākanga
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: rettergang m

  Nynorsk: rettargang m

• Persian: محاکمه‎‎ (fa)
• Polish: rozprawa (pl) f
• Portuguese: processo (pt) m, julgamento (pt) m
• Romanian: proces (ro) n, judecată (ro) f
• Russian: суд (ru) m (sud), разбира́тельство (ru) n (razbirátelʹstvo)
• Spanish: juicio (es) m, proceso (es) m
• Swedish: rättegång (sv) c
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: duruşma (tr)
• Ukrainian: суд (uk) (sud), ро́згляд (rózhljad)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

difficult experience

• Bulgarian: изпитание (bg) n (izpitánie), неприятности (bg) f (neprijátnosti), бреме (bg) n (bréme)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 考驗 (zh), 考验 (zh) (kǎoyàn)

• Czech: zkouška (cs) f
• Dutch: beproeving (nl) f, bezoeking (nl) f
• Finnish: koettelemus (fi)
• French: épreuve (fr) f
• German: Probe (de) f, Sorge (de) f, Kummer (de) m, Belästigung (de) f
• Greek: δοκιμασία (el) f (dokimasía)

• Hungarian: baj (hu), nehézség (hu), kellemetlenség (hu), megpróbáltatás (hu)
• Italian: prova (it) f, tribolazione (it) f
• Japanese: 試練 (しれん, shirén)
• Portuguese: provação (pt) f
• Russian: испыта́ние (ru) n (ispytánije), неприя́тность (ru) f (neprijátnostʹ)
• Spanish: tribulación f
• Swedish: prövning (sv) c
• Turkish: tecrübe (tr)
• Ukrainian: випробува́ння (vyprobuvánnja)

a try-out to pick team members

Adjective

trial (not comparable)

1. Pertaining to a trial or test.
2. Attempted on a provisional or experimental basis.

Translations

Pertaining to a trial or test

• Czech: zkušební
• Greek: δοκιμαστικός (el) m (dokimastikós)

• Swedish: test-, prov-
• Ukrainian: оці́нка (uk) (ocínka), про́ба (uk) (próba)

Attempted on a provisional or experimental basis

• Greek: δοκιμαστικός (el) m (dokimastikós), πειραματικός (el) m (peiramatikós)

• Swedish: provisorisk (sv), tillfällig (sv)

Verb

trial (third-person singular simple present trials, present participle (UK) trialling or (US) trialing, simple past and past participle (UK) trialled or (US) trialed)

1. To carry out a series of tests on (a new product, procedure etc.) before marketing or implementing it.

   The warning system was extensively trialed before being fitted to all our vehicles.

2. To try out (a new player) in a sports team.

   The team trialled a new young goalkeeper in Saturday's match, with mixed results.

Translations

to carry out a series of tests on a new product

• Dutch: testen (nl)
• Maori: whakamātau, whakamāhunga (on new crops)

• Ukrainian: оці́нка (uk) (ocínka), про́ба (uk) (próba)

to select members of a team

• Maori: para whakawai

Derived terms

Terms derived from the noun, adjective, or verb trial

• put on trial
• trial and error

• trial by combat
• trial by fire

• trial balloon
• triality

Etymology 2

From Latin trialis, an adjective formed from tres (“three”) + -ālis.

Adjective

trial (not comparable)

1. Characterized by having three (usually equivalent) components.
2. Triple.
3. (grammar) Pertaining to a language form referring to three of something, like people; contrast singular, dual and plural. (See Ambai language for an example.)

   No language has a trial number unless it has a dual.

Translations

Characterized by having three (usually equivalent) components

• Czech: trojí

Triple

• Czech: trojí
• Greek: τριπλός (el) m (triplós)

• Italian: triplo (it) m

pertaining to a language form referring to three of something

• Dutch: trialis
• Finnish: kolmikko (fi), triaali (fi)
• French: triel (fr)
• German: Trialis
• Japanese: 三数 (sansū)

• Latin: trialis
• Navajo: tááʼ dóó baʼąą
• Spanish: trial (es)
• Swedish: trialis, tretal (sv)
• Thai: ไตรพจน์

See also

• (grammatical numbers) grammatical number; singular, dual, trial, quadral, paucal, plural

Anagrams

• Trail, litra, trail

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English trial.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tri‧al

Noun

trial m (plural trials, diminutive trialtje n)

1. Cross with small but sturdy and very versatile motorcycles, cars or bicycles

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Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English trial.

Noun

trial m (invariable)

1. (sports) trials (motorcycle etc)

Anagrams

• altri, latri, tarli

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Old French

Etymology

trier (“to try such as in a court of law”) +‎ -al.

Noun

trial m (oblique plural triaus or triax or trials, nominative singular triaus or triax or trials, nominative plural trial)

1. trial (legal procedure)

Usage notes

• due to lack of attestation, the precise meaning is uncertain

Descendants

• English: trial (borrowed)

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (trial)
• trial on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub