cruas

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish crúas (“hardness, stiffness, rigour”), from crúaid (“hard, hardy, harsh; stern, strict”) (compare modern crua).

Noun

cruas m (genitive singular cruais)

1. hardness
2. stinginess

Declension

Declension of cruas

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative cruas Vocative a chruais Genitive cruais Dative cruas

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an cruas Genitive an chruais Dative leis an gcruas don chruas

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cruas	chruas	gcruas
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruas”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crúas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Galician-Portuguese

Adjective

cruas

1. feminine plural of cruu

Portuguese

Adjective

cruas

1. feminine plural of cru

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish crúas (“hardness, stiffness, rigour”), from crúaid (“hard, hardy, harsh; stern, strict”) (compare modern cruaidh, which probably shares the same ultimate root).

Noun

cruas m (genitive singular cruais, no plural)

1. difficulty, hardship, crisis, severity, durability, distress, rigour
2. illiberality, stinginess

Synonyms

• (illiberality): mì-shuairceas, neo-fhialaidheachd, neo-fhlathaileachd, neo-uaisle

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
cruas	chruas
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “cruas”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crúas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language