daudz

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *daugjas. Cognate with Latvian daudz, Lithuanian daug and Proto-Slavic *dužь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdàut͡s]
• Hyphenation: daudz

Adverb

daudz

1. much, a lot

References

• Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 33

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *daugjas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowgʰ-, the o-grade form of *dʰewgʰ- (“to affect, to press; to produce”), from the stem *dʰew-, a variant of *tew- (“to swell”). The meaning changed from “to swell, swollen” to “big” and then “a lot, much”. Note that the river name Daugava contains the same stem (originally “large river, with much water”). Cognates include Lithuanian daũg, Sudovian daug, Proto-Slavic *dužь (Russian дю́жий (djúžij, “heavy, strong, healthy”), dialectal ду́жий (dúžij), Belarusian ду́жа (dúža, “a lot”), ду́жы (dúžy, “strong”), Ukrainian ду́жий (dúžyj), ду́же (dúže, “very, a lot”), Czech duži (“strong”), Polish duży (“big, grown up”), dużo (“much, many, a lot”)), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌲 (daug, “is useful”), Old High German tugan, German taugen (“to be useful”), Sanskrit दोग्धि (dógdhi) (< *dʰowgʰ-) “to milk” (< “to press”), Ancient Greek τεύχειν (teúkhein, “to prepare, to create”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dāūdz]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

daudz (comp. vairāk, sup. visvairāk)

1. much, a lot; adverbial form of daudzi
2. much, many, a lot of (an indefinite large amount of) [with genitive]

   daudz ziedu ― many flowers

   daudz darba ― a lot of work

   daudz naudas ― a lot of money

   cik daudz dzīvnieku? ― how many animals?

   cik daudz laika? ― how much time?

   ļoti daudz piena ― very much milk, a lot of milk

   par daudz piena ― too much milk

   daudz ļaužu iet šeit garām ― a lot of people go by here

3. (modifying a verb, or another adverb) much, a lot

   strādāt, runāt daudz ― to work, to talk a lot

   daudz liekāks, vecāks ― much biger, older

   daudz labāks par citiem ― much better than the others

   daudz agrāk nekā pērn ― much earlier than last year

4. (used as a noun) much, a lot, usually of something important

   daudz palika neizteikts ― much remained unsaid

   skolēni uzzināja daudz ― the students found out a lot

   viņš ēd par daudz ― he eats too much

   lokomotīves vadītājam jāzina un jāprot daudz ― locomotive drivers must know and be able to do a lot (of things)

Usage notes

The adverbial form daudz has a comparative form vairāk, but the adjectival form daudzi has no corresponding comparative form (the term vairāki does exist, but it is an indefinite pronoun by itself, meaning “several”).

Antonyms

• maz

Derived terms

• daudzpunkte
• daudzskaitlis
• daudzums, daudzum
• nedaudz

Related terms

• daudzi