dlgwš

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

• 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬫𐬋𐬱 (daryōš) — Pazend

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Iranian *drigu-, from a Proto-Indo-Iranian root shared with Sanskrit ध्रिगु (dhrigu, “needy”) and Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬌𐬔𐬎 (drigu), 𐬛𐬭𐬌𐬖𐬎 (driγu, “poor, needy”).

Adjective

dlgwš • (driyōš) (comparative dlgwštl, superlative dlgwštwm)

1. poor, needy
   • Mēnōg ī Xrad, chap. 57.22, cited in [1]

     PWB hlt' dlgwštl

     pad xrad driyōštar

     poorer in wisdom

Derived terms

• dlgwšyh (driyōšīh, “poverty”)

Noun

dlgwš • (driyōš)

1. one who lives in holy indigence

Descendants

• Classical Persian: درویش (darwēš), درغوش (darġōš), دریوش (daryōš), درغویش (darġēš) (dialectal)
  • Tajik: дарвеш (darveš)
  • → Arabic: دَرْوِيش (darwīš)
  • → Armenian: դերվիշ (derviš), տէրվիշ (tērviš), տէվրիշ (tēvriš), դա̈վրէշ (dävrēš), դա̈րվէշ (därvēš), դա̈րվիշ (därviš), դէրվիշ (dērviš), դօ̈վրիշ (dövriš) (in some dialects via Ottoman Turkish)
  • → Azerbaijani: dərviş
  • → Bashkir: дәрүиш (dərwiş)
  • → Bengali: দরবেশ (dorbeś)
  • → Chagatai: دَرْویش (drwyš)
    • Uyghur: دەرۋىش (derwish)
    • Uzbek: darvesh
  • → Gujarati: દરવેશ (darveś), દર્વિશ (darviś)
  • → Kazakh: дәруіш (däruış)
  • → Khalaj: dərvîş
  • → Northern Luri: دۋریش (düriş)
  • → Malay: darwis
    • Indonesian: darwis
  • → Middle Hindi: دَرْویش (drvyś /⁠darveś⁠/)
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: दरवेश (darveś)

      Urdu: دَرْویش (darveś)

  • → Ottoman Turkish: دَرویش (dervîş)
    • Turkish: derviş
    • → Albanian: dervish
    • → Armenian: դերվիշ (derviš), տէրվիշ (tērviš), տէվրիշ (tēvriš), դա̈վրէշ (dävrēš), դա̈րվէշ (därvēš), դա̈րվիշ (därviš), դէրվիշ (dērviš), դօ̈վրիշ (dövriš) (in some dialects directly from Classical Persian)
    • → Belarusian: дэ́рвіш (dérviš)
    • → Bulgarian: дерви́ш (dervíš)
    • → Catalan: dervix
    • → Czech: derviš
    • → Danish: dervish
    • → English: dervish
    • → Estonian: derviš
    • → Finnish: dervissi
    • → French: derviche
    • → German: Derwisch
      • → Dutch: derwisj
    • → Greek: δερβίσης (dervísis)
    • → Hungarian: dervis
    • → Italian: derviscio
    • → Lithuanian: dervišas
    • → Macedonian: дервиш (derviš)
    • → Norwegian: dervisj
    • → Polish: derwisz
    • → Portuguese: dervixe
    • → Romanian: derviș
    • → Russian: де́рвиш (dérviš)
    • → Serbo-Croatian:
      • Cyrillic script: дѐрвӣш
      • Latin script: dèrvīš
    • → Slovak: derviš
    • → Slovene: derviš
    • → Spanish: derviche
    • → Swedish: dervisch
    • → Ukrainian: де́рвіш (dérviš)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਵੇਸ਼ (darveś)

    Shahmukhi script: دَرْویش (darveś)

  • → Sindhi:

    Devanagari script: दरवेशु (darveśu)

    Arabic script: دَرْويشُ (darveśu)

  • → Tatar: дәрвиш (därwiş)
  • → Turkmen: derwüş

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “driyōš”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 27
• Mansour Shaki, Hamid Algar (December 15, 1994), "DARVĪŠ" in Encyclopaedia Iranica, last updated November 18, 2011
• Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1909), “poor”, in An English–Avesta Dictionary‎^[2], Bombay: The Fort Printing Press, →OCLC
• Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1909), “needy”, in An English–Avesta Dictionary‎^[3], Bombay: The Fort Printing Press, →OCLC
• “dlgwš”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.