excréter
French
Etymology
Learned formation from the root of excrétion or Latin excretus.
Verb
excréter
- to excrete
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written excréter-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written excrèter-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
| infinitive | simple | excréter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | excrétant /ɛk.skʁe.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | excrété /ɛk.skʁe.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | excrète /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
excrètes /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
excrète /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
excrétons /ɛk.skʁe.tɔ̃/ |
excrétez /ɛk.skʁe.te/ |
excrètent /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
| imperfect | excrétais /ɛk.skʁe.tɛ/ |
excrétais /ɛk.skʁe.tɛ/ |
excrétait /ɛk.skʁe.tɛ/ |
excrétions /ɛk.skʁe.tjɔ̃/ |
excrétiez /ɛk.skʁe.tje/ |
excrétaient /ɛk.skʁe.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | excrétai /ɛk.skʁe.te/ |
excrétas /ɛk.skʁe.ta/ |
excréta /ɛk.skʁe.ta/ |
excrétâmes /ɛk.skʁe.tam/ |
excrétâtes /ɛk.skʁe.tat/ |
excrétèrent /ɛk.skʁe.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | excrèterai or excréterai /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁe/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁe/ |
excrèteras or excréteras /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁa/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁa/ |
excrètera or excrétera /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁa/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁa/ |
excrèterons or excréterons /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁɔ̃/ |
excrèterez or excréterez /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁe/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁe/ |
excrèteront or excréteront /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | excrèterais or excréterais /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁɛ/ |
excrèterais or excréterais /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁɛ/ |
excrèterait or excréterait /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁɛ/ |
excrèterions or excréterions /ɛk.skʁɛ.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
excrèteriez or excréteriez /ɛk.skʁɛ.tə.ʁje/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tə.ʁje/ |
excrèteraient or excréteraient /ɛk.skʁɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ɛk.skʁe.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | excrète /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
excrètes /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
excrète /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
excrétions /ɛk.skʁe.tjɔ̃/ |
excrétiez /ɛk.skʁe.tje/ |
excrètent /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
| imperfect2 | excrétasse /ɛk.skʁe.tas/ |
excrétasses /ɛk.skʁe.tas/ |
excrétât /ɛk.skʁe.ta/ |
excrétassions /ɛk.skʁe.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
excrétassiez /ɛk.skʁe.ta.sje/ |
excrétassent /ɛk.skʁe.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | excrète /ɛk.skʁɛt/ |
— | excrétons /ɛk.skʁe.tɔ̃/ |
excrétez /ɛk.skʁe.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “excréter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.