galder

See also: gälder

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Middle English galder, from Old English galdor, from Proto-West Germanic *galdr, from Proto-Germanic *galdraz (“song, incantation, spell”), through garnered interest via Old Norse galdr, equivelant to gale +‎ -der, or yell +‎ -der, deriving from a sense of "magical chanting".

Noun

galder (plural galders)

1. A type of pagan incantation, spell, charm, and thereof.
2. A type of magical chanting, especially relating to ljóðatal, gendered masculine and for protective effects.

   Synonym: galdr

Translations

Translations

• Danish: galder
• Gutnish: galdur
• Icelandic: galdur
• Middle English: galder
• Norwegian Nynorsk: galder
• Old English: ġealdor, galdor
• Old High German: galdar, galstar
• Old Norse: galdr
• Old Swedish: galder, gallir
• Swedish: galder (sv)

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse galdr, from Proto-Germanic *galdraz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡalˀʌ] ~ [ˈɡalˀdʌ]

Noun

galder c (singular definite galderen, not used in plural form)

1. sorcery, wizardry, spell, incantation (particularly in Old Norse times)

Declension

Declension of galder

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	galder	galderen
genitive	galders	galderens

Derived terms

• galdre

See also

• sejd

References

• “galder” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “galder” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Middle English

Etymology

Inherited from Old English galdor, from Proto-West Germanic *galdr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡaldər/

Noun

galder (uncountable)

1. (hapax legomenon, Early Middle English) magic, enchantment

Descendants

• → English: galder (learned)

References

• “gālder, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 11 November 2018.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse galdr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑldɛr/

Noun

galder m (definite singular galderen, indefinite plural galdrar, definite plural galdrane)

1. magic, wizardry (particularly in Old Norse times)

   Synonyms: magi, gand, trolldom, svartekunst, seid

References

• “galder” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse galdr, from Proto-Germanic *galdraz.

Noun

galder m

1. charm, incantation, spell
   • 14th century, Sermones sacri Svecice. The Sermon Collection in Cod. AM 787 4°:

     Thin ilzska scal awita tik / oc thin franuænda fran gudhi oc rætte tro til troldom ok liff ok galdra ok andra diafwls konstir scal awita tik

     Thine anger shall chide you / and thine turning from god and right faith, to sorcery and magic potions and incantations and other devilry, shall chide you

2. song

Declension

Declension of galder (strong a-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	galder	galdrin	galdrar	galdranir, galdraner
accusative	galder	galdrin	galdra	galdrana
dative	galdri, galdre	galdrinum, galdrenom	galdrum, galdrom	galdrumin, galdromen
genitive	galders	galdrsins	galdra	galdranna

Alternative forms

• gallir
• ᚵᛆᛚᚦᚽᚱ

Derived terms

• fughlagalder (“bird incantation”)
• ormagalder (“serpent incantation”)
• galdra bref (“incantation letter”)
• galderkona, gallirkona (“witch”)

Related terms

• galdra, galra
• galdran, galran

Descendants

• Swedish: galder (partly repopularized)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse geldr (“infertile, regarding cow”), potentially from Old Norse galli (“fault, flaw, shortcoming”). Cognate to Old Danish gold (“infertile”), English gelde, Old English gelde, Scots yelt, yell (“sterile”), ceasing to give milk, regional English yell (“dry (of cow)”).

Compare: Old Norse galtr, gǫltr, Old Swedish galter (“castrated livestock, castrated boar”), Swedish galt, Danish galt, Norwegian Bokmål galt, Icelandic göltur (“boar, hog”); English yelt, Middle English yelte, Old English ġilte (“young virdin sow”),

Adjective

galder m

1. infertile

   ..opfostra älla yrkia thz gaalt oc ofructsamt är, hulkit som äkke födhir..

   ..to raise or claim that which is infertile and barren, which does not give birth..

2. unfruitful

Alternative forms

• galter

Derived terms

• galdviþer (“unfruitful tree”)
• galnøt (“infertile cattle”)
• gallko, galdko (“infertile cow”)
• gallgrund (“infertile ground”)
• gallsnø (“weak ground”)
• gallstrand (“infertile beach”)
• galltupp (“infertile rooster”)

Related terms

• galter (“castrated livestock, castrated boar”)

Descendants

• Swedish: (dialektal) galdur, gåll

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish galder, from Old Norse galdr, from Proto-Germanic *galdraz. Modern learned use overlaps with archaic and dialectal use.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡalˀʌ] ~ [ˈɡalˀdʌ]

Noun

galder m

1. (archaic) incantation, spell, charm (particularly in Old Norse times); galdr

Declension

Declension of galder

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	galder	galders
	definite	galdern	galderns
plural	indefinite	galdrar	galdrars
	definite	galdrarna	galdrarnas

Derived terms

• ormgalder (“serpent incantation”)
• galdrabrev (“incantation letter”)
• galderkona (“witch”)

Related terms

• gala
• galdra
• galdran