galvaniser

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

English galvanise

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-os?

Proto-Indo-European *-o-

Proto-Indo-European *-so-

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-

Proto-Indo-European *-yós

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-āsijos

Proto-Italic *-āsios

Latin -āriusnom.

Latin -āriusbor.

Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz

Proto-West Germanic *-ārī

Old English -ere

Middle English -ere

▲

Latin -ārius

Old French -ierbor.

Middle English -er

English -er

English galvaniser

From galvanise + -er.

Noun

galvaniser (plural galvanisers)

1. Alternative spelling of galvanizer.

French

Etymology

Named after Italian physiologist Luigi Aloisio Galvani (1737–1798).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡal.va.ni.ze/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Somain)):

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Verb

galvaniser

1. to galvanize

Conjugation

Conjugation of galvaniser (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	galvaniser
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	galvanisant /ɡal.va.ni.zɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		galvanisé /ɡal.va.ni.ze/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	galvanise /ɡal.va.niz/	galvanises /ɡal.va.niz/	galvanise /ɡal.va.niz/	galvanisons /ɡal.va.ni.zɔ̃/	galvanisez /ɡal.va.ni.ze/	galvanisent /ɡal.va.niz/
	imperfect	galvanisais /ɡal.va.ni.zɛ/	galvanisais /ɡal.va.ni.zɛ/	galvanisait /ɡal.va.ni.zɛ/	galvanisions /ɡal.va.ni.zjɔ̃/	galvanisiez /ɡal.va.ni.zje/	galvanisaient /ɡal.va.ni.zɛ/
	past historic2	galvanisai /ɡal.va.ni.ze/	galvanisas /ɡal.va.ni.za/	galvanisa /ɡal.va.ni.za/	galvanisâmes /ɡal.va.ni.zam/	galvanisâtes /ɡal.va.ni.zat/	galvanisèrent /ɡal.va.ni.zɛʁ/
	future	galvaniserai /ɡal.va.niz.ʁe/	galvaniseras /ɡal.va.niz.ʁa/	galvanisera /ɡal.va.niz.ʁa/	galvaniserons /ɡal.va.niz.ʁɔ̃/	galvaniserez /ɡal.va.niz.ʁe/	galvaniseront /ɡal.va.niz.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	galvaniserais /ɡal.va.niz.ʁɛ/	galvaniserais /ɡal.va.niz.ʁɛ/	galvaniserait /ɡal.va.niz.ʁɛ/	galvaniserions /ɡal.va.ni.zə.ʁjɔ̃/	galvaniseriez /ɡal.va.ni.zə.ʁje/	galvaniseraient /ɡal.va.niz.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	galvanise /ɡal.va.niz/	galvanises /ɡal.va.niz/	galvanise /ɡal.va.niz/	galvanisions /ɡal.va.ni.zjɔ̃/	galvanisiez /ɡal.va.ni.zje/	galvanisent /ɡal.va.niz/
	imperfect2	galvanisasse /ɡal.va.ni.zas/	galvanisasses /ɡal.va.ni.zas/	galvanisât /ɡal.va.ni.za/	galvanisassions /ɡal.va.ni.za.sjɔ̃/	galvanisassiez /ɡal.va.ni.za.sje/	galvanisassent /ɡal.va.ni.zas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	galvanise /ɡal.va.niz/	—	galvanisons /ɡal.va.ni.zɔ̃/	galvanisez /ɡal.va.ni.ze/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “galvaniser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

galvaniser

1. imperative of galvanisere