gripen

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣriːpən/

Verb

gripen

1. to grab
2. to attack, to overwhelm
3. to understand

Inflection

Strong class 1
Infinitive	gripen
3rd sg. past	grêep
3rd pl. past	grēpen
Past participle	grēp
Infinitive	gripen
In genitive	gripens
In dative	gripene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	gripe	grêep
2nd singular	grijps, gripes	grēeps, grēpes
3rd singular	grijpt, gripet	grêep
1st plural	gripen	grēpen
2nd plural	grijpt, gripet	grēept, grēpet
3rd plural	gripen	grēpen
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	gripe	grēpe
2nd singular	grijps, gripes	grēpes
3rd singular	gripe	grēpe
1st plural	gripen	grēpen
2nd plural	grijpt, gripet	grēpet
3rd plural	gripen	grēpen
Imperative	Present
Singular	grijp, gripe
Plural	grijpt, gripet
	Present	Past
Participle	gripende	grēp

Descendants

• Dutch: grijpen
• Limburgish: griepe

Further reading

• “gripen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gripen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

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Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.

Alternative forms

• grypen, grype, gripe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡriːpən/

Verb

gripen

1. To grip or grab onto (and often to take away)
2. To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly.
3. To have or make material gains come into one's possession.
4. To find out about; to acquire knowledge or information about.
5. To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow.

Usage notes

This verb tends to be supplanted by grippen later in the Middle English period.

Conjugation

Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1/weak)

infinitive	(to) gripen
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	gripe	grope, grape, grepe, griped
2nd person singular	gripest	grip, grope, *gropest
3rd person singular	gripeth, gripeþ, gripth	grope, grape, grepe, griped
plural	gripen	grip(en), grep(en), grope(n), *griped(en)
subjunctive	present	past
singular	gripe	*gripe, gripede
plural	gripen	grip(en), grep(en), grope(n), *griped(en)
imperative	present
singular	gripe
plural	gripeþ, gripeth
participle	present	past
	gripende, gripinge	(i)gripe(n), grope(n), griped

Descendants

• English: gripe
• Scots: gripe, grip

References

• “grīpen (v.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-04.

Etymology 2

From gripe (“grip”) +‎ -en.

Noun

gripen

1. plural of gripe (“grip”)

Etymology 3

From Old English grippan.

Noun

gripen

1. Alternative form of grippen

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

gripen

1. (deprecated template usage) masculine and feminine past participle of gripa

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

gripen

1. (deprecated template usage) definite singular of grip

Verb

gripen

1. (deprecated template usage) past participle of gripa