hlakula

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càkʊda (“to weed”), derived from Proto-Bantu *ìcàká (“thicket”).

Verb

-hlákula

1. to hoe

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• umhlakulo

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càkʊda (“to weed”), derived from Proto-Bantu *ìcàká (“thicket”).

Verb

-hlakula

1. (transitive) to weed

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuhlakula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuhlakula	ukungahlakuli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	hlakula	-hlakule
Plural	hlakulani	-hlakuleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyahlakula, ngihlakula	engihlakulayo, engihlakula	ngihlakula	angihlakuli	engingahlakuli	ngingahlakuli
2nd singular	uyahlakula, uhlakula	ohlakulayo, ohlakula	uhlakula	awuhlakuli	ongahlakuli	ungahlakuli
1st plural	siyahlakula, sihlakula	esihlakulayo, esihlakula	sihlakula	asihlakuli	esingahlakuli	singahlakuli
2nd plural	niyahlakula, nihlakula	enihlakulayo, enihlakula	nihlakula	anihlakuli	eningahlakuli	ningahlakuli
Class 1	uyahlakula, uhlakula	ohlakulayo, ohlakula	ehlakula	akahlakuli	ongahlakuli	engahlakuli
Class 2	bayahlakula, bahlakula	abahlakulayo, abahlakula	behlakula	abahlakuli	abangahlakuli	bengahlakuli
Class 3	uyahlakula, uhlakula	ohlakulayo, ohlakula	uhlakula	awuhlakuli	ongahlakuli	ungahlakuli
Class 4	iyahlakula, ihlakula	ehlakulayo, ehlakula	ihlakula	ayihlakuli	engahlakuli	ingahlakuli
Class 5	liyahlakula, lihlakula	elihlakulayo, elihlakula	lihlakula	alihlakuli	elingahlakuli	lingahlakuli
Class 6	ayahlakula, ahlakula	ahlakulayo, ahlakula	ehlakula	awahlakuli	angahlakuli	engahlakuli
Class 7	siyahlakula, sihlakula	esihlakulayo, esihlakula	sihlakula	asihlakuli	esingahlakuli	singahlakuli
Class 8	ziyahlakula, zihlakula	ezihlakulayo, ezihlakula	zihlakula	azihlakuli	ezingahlakuli	zingahlakuli
Class 9	iyahlakula, ihlakula	ehlakulayo, ehlakula	ihlakula	ayihlakuli	engahlakuli	ingahlakuli
Class 10	ziyahlakula, zihlakula	ezihlakulayo, ezihlakula	zihlakula	azihlakuli	ezingahlakuli	zingahlakuli
Class 11	luyahlakula, luhlakula	oluhlakulayo, oluhlakula	luhlakula	aluhlakuli	olungahlakuli	lungahlakuli
Class 14	buyahlakula, buhlakula	obuhlakulayo, obuhlakula	buhlakula	abuhlakuli	obungahlakuli	bungahlakuli
Class 15	kuyahlakula, kuhlakula	okuhlakulayo, okuhlakula	kuhlakula	akuhlakuli	okungahlakuli	kungahlakuli
Class 17	kuyahlakula, kuhlakula	okuhlakulayo, okuhlakula	kuhlakula	akuhlakuli	okungahlakuli	kungahlakuli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngihlakulile, ngihlakulē	engihlakulile, engihlakulē	ngihlakulile, ngihlakulē	angihlakulanga	engingahlakulanga	ngingahlakulanga
2nd singular	uhlakulile, uhlakulē	ohlakulile, ohlakulē	uhlakulile, uhlakulē	awuhlakulanga	ongahlakulanga	ungahlakulanga
1st plural	sihlakulile, sihlakulē	esihlakulile, esihlakulē	sihlakulile, sihlakulē	asihlakulanga	esingahlakulanga	singahlakulanga
2nd plural	nihlakulile, nihlakulē	enihlakulile, enihlakulē	nihlakulile, nihlakulē	anihlakulanga	eningahlakulanga	ningahlakulanga
Class 1	uhlakulile, uhlakulē	ohlakulile, ohlakulē	ehlakulile, ehlakulē	akahlakulanga	ongahlakulanga	engahlakulanga
Class 2	bahlakulile, bahlakulē	abahlakulile, abahlakulē	behlakulile, behlakulē	abahlakulanga	abangahlakulanga	bengahlakulanga
Class 3	uhlakulile, uhlakulē	ohlakulile, ohlakulē	uhlakulile, uhlakulē	awuhlakulanga	ongahlakulanga	ungahlakulanga
Class 4	ihlakulile, ihlakulē	ehlakulile, ehlakulē	ihlakulile, ihlakulē	ayihlakulanga	engahlakulanga	ingahlakulanga
Class 5	lihlakulile, lihlakulē	elihlakulile, elihlakulē	lihlakulile, lihlakulē	alihlakulanga	elingahlakulanga	lingahlakulanga
Class 6	ahlakulile, ahlakulē	ahlakulile, ahlakulē	ehlakulile, ehlakulē	awahlakulanga	angahlakulanga	engahlakulanga
Class 7	sihlakulile, sihlakulē	esihlakulile, esihlakulē	sihlakulile, sihlakulē	asihlakulanga	esingahlakulanga	singahlakulanga
Class 8	zihlakulile, zihlakulē	ezihlakulile, ezihlakulē	zihlakulile, zihlakulē	azihlakulanga	ezingahlakulanga	zingahlakulanga
Class 9	ihlakulile, ihlakulē	ehlakulile, ehlakulē	ihlakulile, ihlakulē	ayihlakulanga	engahlakulanga	ingahlakulanga
Class 10	zihlakulile, zihlakulē	ezihlakulile, ezihlakulē	zihlakulile, zihlakulē	azihlakulanga	ezingahlakulanga	zingahlakulanga
Class 11	luhlakulile, luhlakulē	oluhlakulile, oluhlakulē	luhlakulile, luhlakulē	aluhlakulanga	olungahlakulanga	lungahlakulanga
Class 14	buhlakulile, buhlakulē	obuhlakulile, obuhlakulē	buhlakulile, buhlakulē	abuhlakulanga	obungahlakulanga	bungahlakulanga
Class 15	kuhlakulile, kuhlakulē	okuhlakulile, okuhlakulē	kuhlakulile, kuhlakulē	akuhlakulanga	okungahlakulanga	kungahlakulanga
Class 17	kuhlakulile, kuhlakulē	okuhlakulile, okuhlakulē	kuhlakulile, kuhlakulē	akuhlakulanga	okungahlakulanga	kungahlakulanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāhlakula	engāhlakula	ngāhlakula	angihlakulanga	engingahlakulanga	ngingahlakulanga
2nd singular	wāhlakula	owāhlakula	wāhlakula	awuhlakulanga	ongahlakulanga	ungahlakulanga
1st plural	sāhlakula	esāhlakula	sāhlakula	asihlakulanga	esingahlakulanga	singahlakulanga
2nd plural	nāhlakula	enāhlakula	nāhlakula	anihlakulanga	eningahlakulanga	ningahlakulanga
Class 1	wāhlakula	owāhlakula	āhlakula	akahlakulanga	ongahlakulanga	engahlakulanga
Class 2	bāhlakula	abāhlakula	bāhlakula	abahlakulanga	abangahlakulanga	bengahlakulanga
Class 3	wāhlakula	owāhlakula	wāhlakula	awuhlakulanga	ongahlakulanga	ungahlakulanga
Class 4	yāhlakula	eyāhlakula	yāhlakula	ayihlakulanga	engahlakulanga	ingahlakulanga
Class 5	lāhlakula	elāhlakula	lāhlakula	alihlakulanga	elingahlakulanga	lingahlakulanga
Class 6	āhlakula	āhlakula	āhlakula	awahlakulanga	angahlakulanga	engahlakulanga
Class 7	sāhlakula	esāhlakula	sāhlakula	asihlakulanga	esingahlakulanga	singahlakulanga
Class 8	zāhlakula	ezāhlakula	zāhlakula	azihlakulanga	ezingahlakulanga	zingahlakulanga
Class 9	yāhlakula	eyāhlakula	yāhlakula	ayihlakulanga	engahlakulanga	ingahlakulanga
Class 10	zāhlakula	ezāhlakula	zāhlakula	azihlakulanga	ezingahlakulanga	zingahlakulanga
Class 11	lwāhlakula	olwāhlakula	lwāhlakula	aluhlakulanga	olungahlakulanga	lungahlakulanga
Class 14	bāhlakula	obāhlakula	bāhlakula	abuhlakulanga	obungahlakulanga	bungahlakulanga
Class 15	kwāhlakula	okwāhlakula	kwāhlakula	akuhlakulanga	okungahlakulanga	kungahlakulanga
Class 17	kwāhlakula	okwāhlakula	kwāhlakula	akuhlakulanga	okungahlakulanga	kungahlakulanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingahlakula	—	ngingahlakula	ngingehlakule	—	ngingehlakule
2nd singular	ungahlakula	—	ungahlakula	ungehlakule	—	ungehlakule
1st plural	singahlakula	—	singahlakula	singehlakule	—	singehlakule
2nd plural	ningahlakula	—	ningahlakula	ningehlakule	—	ningehlakule
Class 1	angahlakula	—	engahlakula	angehlakule	—	engehlakule
Class 2	bangahlakula	—	bengahlakula	bangehlakule	—	bengehlakule
Class 3	ungahlakula	—	ungahlakula	ungehlakule	—	ungehlakule
Class 4	ingahlakula	—	ingahlakula	ingehlakule	—	ingehlakule
Class 5	lingahlakula	—	lingahlakula	lingehlakule	—	lingehlakule
Class 6	angahlakula	—	engahlakula	angehlakule	—	engehlakule
Class 7	singahlakula	—	singahlakula	singehlakule	—	singehlakule
Class 8	zingahlakula	—	zingahlakula	zingehlakule	—	zingehlakule
Class 9	ingahlakula	—	ingahlakula	ingehlakule	—	ingehlakule
Class 10	zingahlakula	—	zingahlakula	zingehlakule	—	zingehlakule
Class 11	lungahlakula	—	lungahlakula	lungehlakule	—	lungehlakule
Class 14	bungahlakula	—	bungahlakula	bungehlakule	—	bungehlakule
Class 15	kungahlakula	—	kungahlakula	kungehlakule	—	kungehlakule
Class 17	kungahlakula	—	kungahlakula	kungehlakule	—	kungehlakule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizohlakula	engizohlakula	ngizohlakula	angizuhlakula	engingezuhlakula	ngingezuhlakula
2nd singular	uzohlakula	ozohlakula	uzohlakula	awuzuhlakula	ongezuhlakula	ungezuhlakula
1st plural	sizohlakula	esizohlakula	sizohlakula	asizuhlakula	esingezuhlakula	singezuhlakula
2nd plural	nizohlakula	enizohlakula	nizohlakula	anizuhlakula	eningezuhlakula	ningezuhlakula
Class 1	uzohlakula	ozohlakula	ezohlakula	akazuhlakula	ongezuhlakula	engezuhlakula
Class 2	bazohlakula	abazohlakula	bezohlakula	abazuhlakula	abangezuhlakula	bengezuhlakula
Class 3	uzohlakula	ozohlakula	uzohlakula	awuzuhlakula	ongezuhlakula	ungezuhlakula
Class 4	izohlakula	ezohlakula	izohlakula	ayizuhlakula	engezuhlakula	ingezuhlakula
Class 5	lizohlakula	elizohlakula	lizohlakula	alizuhlakula	elingezuhlakula	lingezuhlakula
Class 6	azohlakula	azohlakula	ezohlakula	awazuhlakula	angezuhlakula	engezuhlakula
Class 7	sizohlakula	esizohlakula	sizohlakula	asizuhlakula	esingezuhlakula	singezuhlakula
Class 8	zizohlakula	ezizohlakula	zizohlakula	azizuhlakula	ezingezuhlakula	zingezuhlakula
Class 9	izohlakula	ezohlakula	izohlakula	ayizuhlakula	engezuhlakula	ingezuhlakula
Class 10	zizohlakula	ezizohlakula	zizohlakula	azizuhlakula	ezingezuhlakula	zingezuhlakula
Class 11	luzohlakula	oluzohlakula	luzohlakula	aluzuhlakula	olungezuhlakula	lungezuhlakula
Class 14	buzohlakula	obuzohlakula	buzohlakula	abuzuhlakula	obungezuhlakula	bungezuhlakula
Class 15	kuzohlakula	okuzohlakula	kuzohlakula	akuzuhlakula	okungezuhlakula	kungezuhlakula
Class 17	kuzohlakula	okuzohlakula	kuzohlakula	akuzuhlakula	okungezuhlakula	kungezuhlakula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyohlakula	engiyohlakula	ngiyohlakula	angiyuhlakula	engingeyuhlakula	ngingeyuhlakula
2nd singular	uyohlakula	oyohlakula	uyohlakula	awuyuhlakula	ongeyuhlakula	ungeyuhlakula
1st plural	siyohlakula	esiyohlakula	siyohlakula	asiyuhlakula	esingeyuhlakula	singeyuhlakula
2nd plural	niyohlakula	eniyohlakula	niyohlakula	aniyuhlakula	eningeyuhlakula	ningeyuhlakula
Class 1	uyohlakula	oyohlakula	eyohlakula	akayuhlakula	ongeyuhlakula	engeyuhlakula
Class 2	bayohlakula	abayohlakula	beyohlakula	abayuhlakula	abangeyuhlakula	bengeyuhlakula
Class 3	uyohlakula	oyohlakula	uyohlakula	awuyuhlakula	ongeyuhlakula	ungeyuhlakula
Class 4	iyohlakula	eyohlakula	iyohlakula	ayiyuhlakula	engeyuhlakula	ingeyuhlakula
Class 5	liyohlakula	eliyohlakula	liyohlakula	aliyuhlakula	elingeyuhlakula	lingeyuhlakula
Class 6	ayohlakula	ayohlakula	eyohlakula	awayuhlakula	angeyuhlakula	engeyuhlakula
Class 7	siyohlakula	esiyohlakula	siyohlakula	asiyuhlakula	esingeyuhlakula	singeyuhlakula
Class 8	ziyohlakula	eziyohlakula	ziyohlakula	aziyuhlakula	ezingeyuhlakula	zingeyuhlakula
Class 9	iyohlakula	eyohlakula	iyohlakula	ayiyuhlakula	engeyuhlakula	ingeyuhlakula
Class 10	ziyohlakula	eziyohlakula	ziyohlakula	aziyuhlakula	ezingeyuhlakula	zingeyuhlakula
Class 11	luyohlakula	oluyohlakula	luyohlakula	aluyuhlakula	olungeyuhlakula	lungeyuhlakula
Class 14	buyohlakula	obuyohlakula	buyohlakula	abuyuhlakula	obungeyuhlakula	bungeyuhlakula
Class 15	kuyohlakula	okuyohlakula	kuyohlakula	akuyuhlakula	okungeyuhlakula	kungeyuhlakula
Class 17	kuyohlakula	okuyohlakula	kuyohlakula	akuyuhlakula	okungeyuhlakula	kungeyuhlakula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngihlakule	ngingahlakuli
2nd singular	uhlakule	ungahlakuli
1st plural	sihlakule	singahlakuli
2nd plural	nihlakule	ningahlakuli
Class 1	ahlakule	angahlakuli
Class 2	bahlakule	bangahlakuli
Class 3	uhlakule	ungahlakuli
Class 4	ihlakule	ingahlakuli
Class 5	lihlakule	lingahlakuli
Class 6	ahlakule	angahlakuli
Class 7	sihlakule	singahlakuli
Class 8	zihlakule	zingahlakuli
Class 9	ihlakule	ingahlakuli
Class 10	zihlakule	zingahlakuli
Class 11	luhlakule	lungahlakuli
Class 14	buhlakule	bungahlakuli
Class 15	kuhlakule	kungahlakuli
Class 17	kuhlakule	kungahlakuli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngahlakula	ngangahlakula, angahlakula, angangahlakula
2nd singular	wahlakula	wangahlakula, awahlakula, awangahlakula
1st plural	sahlakula	sangahlakula, asahlakula, asangahlakula
2nd plural	nahlakula	nangahlakula, anahlakula, anangahlakula
Class 1	wahlakula	wangahlakula, akahlakula, akangahlakula
Class 2	bahlakula	bangahlakula, abahlakula, abangahlakula
Class 3	wahlakula	wangahlakula, awahlakula, awangahlakula
Class 4	yahlakula	yangahlakula, ayahlakula, ayangahlakula
Class 5	lahlakula	langahlakula, alahlakula, alangahlakula
Class 6	ahlakula	angahlakula, awahlakula, awangahlakula
Class 7	sahlakula	sangahlakula, asahlakula, asangahlakula
Class 8	zahlakula	zangahlakula, azahlakula, azangahlakula
Class 9	yahlakula	yangahlakula, ayahlakula, ayangahlakula
Class 10	zahlakula	zangahlakula, azahlakula, azangahlakula
Class 11	lwahlakula	lwangahlakula, alwahlakula, alwangahlakula
Class 14	bahlakula	bangahlakula, abahlakula, abangahlakula
Class 15	kwahlakula	kwangahlakula, akwahlakula, akwangahlakula
Class 17	kwahlakula	kwangahlakula, akwahlakula, akwangahlakula

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlakula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlakula (3.2.9)”