hlinza

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-hlînza

1. to butcher
2. to skin, to flay

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Verb

-hlínza

1. (transitive) to skin
2. (transitive) to murder
3. (transitive) to cut open, to operate
4. (transitive) to criticize severely

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuhlinza
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuhlinza	ukungahlinzi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	hlinza	-hlinze
Plural	hlinzani	-hlinzeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyahlinza, ngihlinza	engihlinzayo, engihlinza	ngihlinza	angihlinzi	engingahlinzi	ngingahlinzi
2nd singular	uyahlinza, uhlinza	ohlinzayo, ohlinza	uhlinza	awuhlinzi	ongahlinzi	ungahlinzi
1st plural	siyahlinza, sihlinza	esihlinzayo, esihlinza	sihlinza	asihlinzi	esingahlinzi	singahlinzi
2nd plural	niyahlinza, nihlinza	enihlinzayo, enihlinza	nihlinza	anihlinzi	eningahlinzi	ningahlinzi
Class 1	uyahlinza, uhlinza	ohlinzayo, ohlinza	ehlinza	akahlinzi	ongahlinzi	engahlinzi
Class 2	bayahlinza, bahlinza	abahlinzayo, abahlinza	behlinza	abahlinzi	abangahlinzi	bengahlinzi
Class 3	uyahlinza, uhlinza	ohlinzayo, ohlinza	uhlinza	awuhlinzi	ongahlinzi	ungahlinzi
Class 4	iyahlinza, ihlinza	ehlinzayo, ehlinza	ihlinza	ayihlinzi	engahlinzi	ingahlinzi
Class 5	liyahlinza, lihlinza	elihlinzayo, elihlinza	lihlinza	alihlinzi	elingahlinzi	lingahlinzi
Class 6	ayahlinza, ahlinza	ahlinzayo, ahlinza	ehlinza	awahlinzi	angahlinzi	engahlinzi
Class 7	siyahlinza, sihlinza	esihlinzayo, esihlinza	sihlinza	asihlinzi	esingahlinzi	singahlinzi
Class 8	ziyahlinza, zihlinza	ezihlinzayo, ezihlinza	zihlinza	azihlinzi	ezingahlinzi	zingahlinzi
Class 9	iyahlinza, ihlinza	ehlinzayo, ehlinza	ihlinza	ayihlinzi	engahlinzi	ingahlinzi
Class 10	ziyahlinza, zihlinza	ezihlinzayo, ezihlinza	zihlinza	azihlinzi	ezingahlinzi	zingahlinzi
Class 11	luyahlinza, luhlinza	oluhlinzayo, oluhlinza	luhlinza	aluhlinzi	olungahlinzi	lungahlinzi
Class 14	buyahlinza, buhlinza	obuhlinzayo, obuhlinza	buhlinza	abuhlinzi	obungahlinzi	bungahlinzi
Class 15	kuyahlinza, kuhlinza	okuhlinzayo, okuhlinza	kuhlinza	akuhlinzi	okungahlinzi	kungahlinzi
Class 17	kuyahlinza, kuhlinza	okuhlinzayo, okuhlinza	kuhlinza	akuhlinzi	okungahlinzi	kungahlinzi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngihlinzile, ngihlinzē	engihlinzile, engihlinzē	ngihlinzile, ngihlinzē	angihlinzanga	engingahlinzanga	ngingahlinzanga
2nd singular	uhlinzile, uhlinzē	ohlinzile, ohlinzē	uhlinzile, uhlinzē	awuhlinzanga	ongahlinzanga	ungahlinzanga
1st plural	sihlinzile, sihlinzē	esihlinzile, esihlinzē	sihlinzile, sihlinzē	asihlinzanga	esingahlinzanga	singahlinzanga
2nd plural	nihlinzile, nihlinzē	enihlinzile, enihlinzē	nihlinzile, nihlinzē	anihlinzanga	eningahlinzanga	ningahlinzanga
Class 1	uhlinzile, uhlinzē	ohlinzile, ohlinzē	ehlinzile, ehlinzē	akahlinzanga	ongahlinzanga	engahlinzanga
Class 2	bahlinzile, bahlinzē	abahlinzile, abahlinzē	behlinzile, behlinzē	abahlinzanga	abangahlinzanga	bengahlinzanga
Class 3	uhlinzile, uhlinzē	ohlinzile, ohlinzē	uhlinzile, uhlinzē	awuhlinzanga	ongahlinzanga	ungahlinzanga
Class 4	ihlinzile, ihlinzē	ehlinzile, ehlinzē	ihlinzile, ihlinzē	ayihlinzanga	engahlinzanga	ingahlinzanga
Class 5	lihlinzile, lihlinzē	elihlinzile, elihlinzē	lihlinzile, lihlinzē	alihlinzanga	elingahlinzanga	lingahlinzanga
Class 6	ahlinzile, ahlinzē	ahlinzile, ahlinzē	ehlinzile, ehlinzē	awahlinzanga	angahlinzanga	engahlinzanga
Class 7	sihlinzile, sihlinzē	esihlinzile, esihlinzē	sihlinzile, sihlinzē	asihlinzanga	esingahlinzanga	singahlinzanga
Class 8	zihlinzile, zihlinzē	ezihlinzile, ezihlinzē	zihlinzile, zihlinzē	azihlinzanga	ezingahlinzanga	zingahlinzanga
Class 9	ihlinzile, ihlinzē	ehlinzile, ehlinzē	ihlinzile, ihlinzē	ayihlinzanga	engahlinzanga	ingahlinzanga
Class 10	zihlinzile, zihlinzē	ezihlinzile, ezihlinzē	zihlinzile, zihlinzē	azihlinzanga	ezingahlinzanga	zingahlinzanga
Class 11	luhlinzile, luhlinzē	oluhlinzile, oluhlinzē	luhlinzile, luhlinzē	aluhlinzanga	olungahlinzanga	lungahlinzanga
Class 14	buhlinzile, buhlinzē	obuhlinzile, obuhlinzē	buhlinzile, buhlinzē	abuhlinzanga	obungahlinzanga	bungahlinzanga
Class 15	kuhlinzile, kuhlinzē	okuhlinzile, okuhlinzē	kuhlinzile, kuhlinzē	akuhlinzanga	okungahlinzanga	kungahlinzanga
Class 17	kuhlinzile, kuhlinzē	okuhlinzile, okuhlinzē	kuhlinzile, kuhlinzē	akuhlinzanga	okungahlinzanga	kungahlinzanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāhlinza	engāhlinza	ngāhlinza	angihlinzanga	engingahlinzanga	ngingahlinzanga
2nd singular	wāhlinza	owāhlinza	wāhlinza	awuhlinzanga	ongahlinzanga	ungahlinzanga
1st plural	sāhlinza	esāhlinza	sāhlinza	asihlinzanga	esingahlinzanga	singahlinzanga
2nd plural	nāhlinza	enāhlinza	nāhlinza	anihlinzanga	eningahlinzanga	ningahlinzanga
Class 1	wāhlinza	owāhlinza	āhlinza	akahlinzanga	ongahlinzanga	engahlinzanga
Class 2	bāhlinza	abāhlinza	bāhlinza	abahlinzanga	abangahlinzanga	bengahlinzanga
Class 3	wāhlinza	owāhlinza	wāhlinza	awuhlinzanga	ongahlinzanga	ungahlinzanga
Class 4	yāhlinza	eyāhlinza	yāhlinza	ayihlinzanga	engahlinzanga	ingahlinzanga
Class 5	lāhlinza	elāhlinza	lāhlinza	alihlinzanga	elingahlinzanga	lingahlinzanga
Class 6	āhlinza	āhlinza	āhlinza	awahlinzanga	angahlinzanga	engahlinzanga
Class 7	sāhlinza	esāhlinza	sāhlinza	asihlinzanga	esingahlinzanga	singahlinzanga
Class 8	zāhlinza	ezāhlinza	zāhlinza	azihlinzanga	ezingahlinzanga	zingahlinzanga
Class 9	yāhlinza	eyāhlinza	yāhlinza	ayihlinzanga	engahlinzanga	ingahlinzanga
Class 10	zāhlinza	ezāhlinza	zāhlinza	azihlinzanga	ezingahlinzanga	zingahlinzanga
Class 11	lwāhlinza	olwāhlinza	lwāhlinza	aluhlinzanga	olungahlinzanga	lungahlinzanga
Class 14	bāhlinza	obāhlinza	bāhlinza	abuhlinzanga	obungahlinzanga	bungahlinzanga
Class 15	kwāhlinza	okwāhlinza	kwāhlinza	akuhlinzanga	okungahlinzanga	kungahlinzanga
Class 17	kwāhlinza	okwāhlinza	kwāhlinza	akuhlinzanga	okungahlinzanga	kungahlinzanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingahlinza	—	ngingahlinza	ngingehlinze	—	ngingehlinze
2nd singular	ungahlinza	—	ungahlinza	ungehlinze	—	ungehlinze
1st plural	singahlinza	—	singahlinza	singehlinze	—	singehlinze
2nd plural	ningahlinza	—	ningahlinza	ningehlinze	—	ningehlinze
Class 1	angahlinza	—	engahlinza	angehlinze	—	engehlinze
Class 2	bangahlinza	—	bengahlinza	bangehlinze	—	bengehlinze
Class 3	ungahlinza	—	ungahlinza	ungehlinze	—	ungehlinze
Class 4	ingahlinza	—	ingahlinza	ingehlinze	—	ingehlinze
Class 5	lingahlinza	—	lingahlinza	lingehlinze	—	lingehlinze
Class 6	angahlinza	—	engahlinza	angehlinze	—	engehlinze
Class 7	singahlinza	—	singahlinza	singehlinze	—	singehlinze
Class 8	zingahlinza	—	zingahlinza	zingehlinze	—	zingehlinze
Class 9	ingahlinza	—	ingahlinza	ingehlinze	—	ingehlinze
Class 10	zingahlinza	—	zingahlinza	zingehlinze	—	zingehlinze
Class 11	lungahlinza	—	lungahlinza	lungehlinze	—	lungehlinze
Class 14	bungahlinza	—	bungahlinza	bungehlinze	—	bungehlinze
Class 15	kungahlinza	—	kungahlinza	kungehlinze	—	kungehlinze
Class 17	kungahlinza	—	kungahlinza	kungehlinze	—	kungehlinze
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizohlinza	engizohlinza	ngizohlinza	angizuhlinza	engingezuhlinza	ngingezuhlinza
2nd singular	uzohlinza	ozohlinza	uzohlinza	awuzuhlinza	ongezuhlinza	ungezuhlinza
1st plural	sizohlinza	esizohlinza	sizohlinza	asizuhlinza	esingezuhlinza	singezuhlinza
2nd plural	nizohlinza	enizohlinza	nizohlinza	anizuhlinza	eningezuhlinza	ningezuhlinza
Class 1	uzohlinza	ozohlinza	ezohlinza	akazuhlinza	ongezuhlinza	engezuhlinza
Class 2	bazohlinza	abazohlinza	bezohlinza	abazuhlinza	abangezuhlinza	bengezuhlinza
Class 3	uzohlinza	ozohlinza	uzohlinza	awuzuhlinza	ongezuhlinza	ungezuhlinza
Class 4	izohlinza	ezohlinza	izohlinza	ayizuhlinza	engezuhlinza	ingezuhlinza
Class 5	lizohlinza	elizohlinza	lizohlinza	alizuhlinza	elingezuhlinza	lingezuhlinza
Class 6	azohlinza	azohlinza	ezohlinza	awazuhlinza	angezuhlinza	engezuhlinza
Class 7	sizohlinza	esizohlinza	sizohlinza	asizuhlinza	esingezuhlinza	singezuhlinza
Class 8	zizohlinza	ezizohlinza	zizohlinza	azizuhlinza	ezingezuhlinza	zingezuhlinza
Class 9	izohlinza	ezohlinza	izohlinza	ayizuhlinza	engezuhlinza	ingezuhlinza
Class 10	zizohlinza	ezizohlinza	zizohlinza	azizuhlinza	ezingezuhlinza	zingezuhlinza
Class 11	luzohlinza	oluzohlinza	luzohlinza	aluzuhlinza	olungezuhlinza	lungezuhlinza
Class 14	buzohlinza	obuzohlinza	buzohlinza	abuzuhlinza	obungezuhlinza	bungezuhlinza
Class 15	kuzohlinza	okuzohlinza	kuzohlinza	akuzuhlinza	okungezuhlinza	kungezuhlinza
Class 17	kuzohlinza	okuzohlinza	kuzohlinza	akuzuhlinza	okungezuhlinza	kungezuhlinza
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyohlinza	engiyohlinza	ngiyohlinza	angiyuhlinza	engingeyuhlinza	ngingeyuhlinza
2nd singular	uyohlinza	oyohlinza	uyohlinza	awuyuhlinza	ongeyuhlinza	ungeyuhlinza
1st plural	siyohlinza	esiyohlinza	siyohlinza	asiyuhlinza	esingeyuhlinza	singeyuhlinza
2nd plural	niyohlinza	eniyohlinza	niyohlinza	aniyuhlinza	eningeyuhlinza	ningeyuhlinza
Class 1	uyohlinza	oyohlinza	eyohlinza	akayuhlinza	ongeyuhlinza	engeyuhlinza
Class 2	bayohlinza	abayohlinza	beyohlinza	abayuhlinza	abangeyuhlinza	bengeyuhlinza
Class 3	uyohlinza	oyohlinza	uyohlinza	awuyuhlinza	ongeyuhlinza	ungeyuhlinza
Class 4	iyohlinza	eyohlinza	iyohlinza	ayiyuhlinza	engeyuhlinza	ingeyuhlinza
Class 5	liyohlinza	eliyohlinza	liyohlinza	aliyuhlinza	elingeyuhlinza	lingeyuhlinza
Class 6	ayohlinza	ayohlinza	eyohlinza	awayuhlinza	angeyuhlinza	engeyuhlinza
Class 7	siyohlinza	esiyohlinza	siyohlinza	asiyuhlinza	esingeyuhlinza	singeyuhlinza
Class 8	ziyohlinza	eziyohlinza	ziyohlinza	aziyuhlinza	ezingeyuhlinza	zingeyuhlinza
Class 9	iyohlinza	eyohlinza	iyohlinza	ayiyuhlinza	engeyuhlinza	ingeyuhlinza
Class 10	ziyohlinza	eziyohlinza	ziyohlinza	aziyuhlinza	ezingeyuhlinza	zingeyuhlinza
Class 11	luyohlinza	oluyohlinza	luyohlinza	aluyuhlinza	olungeyuhlinza	lungeyuhlinza
Class 14	buyohlinza	obuyohlinza	buyohlinza	abuyuhlinza	obungeyuhlinza	bungeyuhlinza
Class 15	kuyohlinza	okuyohlinza	kuyohlinza	akuyuhlinza	okungeyuhlinza	kungeyuhlinza
Class 17	kuyohlinza	okuyohlinza	kuyohlinza	akuyuhlinza	okungeyuhlinza	kungeyuhlinza
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngihlinze	ngingahlinzi
2nd singular	uhlinze	ungahlinzi
1st plural	sihlinze	singahlinzi
2nd plural	nihlinze	ningahlinzi
Class 1	ahlinze	angahlinzi
Class 2	bahlinze	bangahlinzi
Class 3	uhlinze	ungahlinzi
Class 4	ihlinze	ingahlinzi
Class 5	lihlinze	lingahlinzi
Class 6	ahlinze	angahlinzi
Class 7	sihlinze	singahlinzi
Class 8	zihlinze	zingahlinzi
Class 9	ihlinze	ingahlinzi
Class 10	zihlinze	zingahlinzi
Class 11	luhlinze	lungahlinzi
Class 14	buhlinze	bungahlinzi
Class 15	kuhlinze	kungahlinzi
Class 17	kuhlinze	kungahlinzi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngahlinza	ngangahlinza, angahlinza, angangahlinza
2nd singular	wahlinza	wangahlinza, awahlinza, awangahlinza
1st plural	sahlinza	sangahlinza, asahlinza, asangahlinza
2nd plural	nahlinza	nangahlinza, anahlinza, anangahlinza
Class 1	wahlinza	wangahlinza, akahlinza, akangahlinza
Class 2	bahlinza	bangahlinza, abahlinza, abangahlinza
Class 3	wahlinza	wangahlinza, awahlinza, awangahlinza
Class 4	yahlinza	yangahlinza, ayahlinza, ayangahlinza
Class 5	lahlinza	langahlinza, alahlinza, alangahlinza
Class 6	ahlinza	angahlinza, awahlinza, awangahlinza
Class 7	sahlinza	sangahlinza, asahlinza, asangahlinza
Class 8	zahlinza	zangahlinza, azahlinza, azangahlinza
Class 9	yahlinza	yangahlinza, ayahlinza, ayangahlinza
Class 10	zahlinza	zangahlinza, azahlinza, azangahlinza
Class 11	lwahlinza	lwangahlinza, alwahlinza, alwangahlinza
Class 14	bahlinza	bangahlinza, abahlinza, abangahlinza
Class 15	kwahlinza	kwangahlinza, akwahlinza, akwangahlinza
Class 17	kwahlinza	kwangahlinza, akwahlinza, akwangahlinza

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlinza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlinza (3.9)”