homo homini lupus
(Redirected from homo homini lupus est)
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From homō (“a human being, man”) + hominī (“to man”, dative singular of the same) + lupus (“a wolf”). As is typical of Latin proverbs, the sentence is nominal (lacks the copular est).
First attested in Erasmus' Adagia,[1] a variation on the proverb alluded to by Plautus in Lupus est homō hominī, nōn homō, quom quālis sit nōn nōvit ("To a human, a human is not a human but a wolf when he doesn't know what the other one is like").[2] Compare Erasmus' Hominī nūlla fera perniciōsior quam homō ("No beast is more dangerous to a human than another human").
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈho.moː ˈho.mi.niː ˈlu.pus/, [ˈhɔmoː ˈhɔmɪniː ˈɫ̪ʊpʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈo.mo ˈo.mi.ni ˈlu.pus/, [ˈɔːmo ˈɔːmini ˈluːpus]
Phrase
[edit]- man is a wolf to man (what wolf is to other animals, man is to another man)
Descendants
[edit]- → English: man is a wolf to man (calque)
- → Finnish: ihminen on ihmiselle susi (calque)
- → French: l’homme est un loup pour l’homme (calque)
- → Hungarian: ember embernek farkasa (calque)
- ⇒ Icelandic: maður er manns gaman (“man is the enjoyment of man”) (antonymic calque)
- → Polish: człowiek człowiekowi wilkiem (calque)
- → Portuguese: o homem é o lobo do homem (calque)
- → Russian: челове́к челове́ку волк (čelovék čelovéku volk) (calque)
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]homo homini lupus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia