iruska

English

Noun

iruska

1. A sacred Pawnee dance involving fire.

Ainu

Etymology

Antipassive form of ruska; from i- (“antipassive prefix”) +‎ ruska (“to get angry at”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.ɾús.ka/, [ʔi.ɾúʃ.ka]

Verb

iruska (Kana spelling イルㇱカ)

1. (intransitive, stative) to be angry, to be annoyed, to be in bad mood

   Ku-ukoytak’etunne wa, ku-iruska kusu.

   I don’t want to talk, I’m angry.

2. (intransitive) to outrage

   Iruska mat okkay kikkik.

   The outraged women attacked the man.

Inflection

Inflection of ruska

Number	Script	Reciprocal	Reflexive	Voices
				Antipassive	Passive	Applicative			Anticausative
						e	ko	o
Singular	Latin	—	yaykoruska	iruska	—	—	koyruska	—	sikoyruskare
Plural		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Singular	Katakana	—	ヤイコルㇱカ	イルㇱカ	—	—	コイルㇱカ	—	シコイルㇱカレ
Plural		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Number	Script	Aspects					Direct causative	Indirect causative
		Perfective / Perfect	Iterative / Habitual	Completive	Progressive	Terminative / Durative
Singular	Latin	ruska a	ruska ranke	ruska okere	ruska kor an / okay	ruska wa an / okay	ruskare	—
Plural		—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Singular	Katakana	ルㇱカ ア	ルㇱカ ランケ	ルㇱカ オケレ	ルㇱカ コㇿ アン / オカイ	ルㇱカ ワ アン / オカイ	ルㇱカレ	—
Plural		—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Conjugation

Conjugation of iruska (intransitive, 1-slot)

	singular	plural
1st-person	k(u)=iruska	iruska=as
2nd-person	e=iruska	eci=iruska
3rd-person	iruska	iruska
4th-person	iruska=an	iruska=an

^†1st-person plurals are exclusive. Inclusive 1st-person plurals are denoted by 4th-person.
^†4th-person: indefinite person, 1st-person inclusive plural, logophorical person, 2nd-person honorific, etc.
See Ainu grammar.