jaillir

French

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *galīre, from Transalpine Gaulish *gali- (“boil, gush, well up”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒa.jiʁ/

• audio

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Verb

jaillir

1. (of liquid, fire, etc.) to spurt out, gush forth
2. (of person, animal) to spring out
3. (of tower, obstruction) to thrust up, to jut out
4. (of idea) to emerge from

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of jaillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	jaillir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	jaillissant /ʒa.ji.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		jailli /ʒa.ji/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	jaillis /ʒa.ji/	jaillis /ʒa.ji/	jaillit /ʒa.ji/	jaillissons /ʒa.ji.sɔ̃/	jaillissez /ʒa.ji.se/	jaillissent /ʒa.jis/
	imperfect	jaillissais /ʒa.ji.sɛ/	jaillissais /ʒa.ji.sɛ/	jaillissait /ʒa.ji.sɛ/	jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/	jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/	jaillissaient /ʒa.ji.sɛ/
	past historic2	jaillis /ʒa.ji/	jaillis /ʒa.ji/	jaillit /ʒa.ji/	jaillîmes /ʒa.jim/	jaillîtes /ʒa.jit/	jaillirent /ʒa.jiʁ/
	future	jaillirai /ʒa.ji.ʁe/	jailliras /ʒa.ji.ʁa/	jaillira /ʒa.ji.ʁa/	jaillirons /ʒa.ji.ʁɔ̃/	jaillirez /ʒa.ji.ʁe/	jailliront /ʒa.ji.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	jaillirais /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/	jaillirais /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/	jaillirait /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/	jaillirions /ʒa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/	jailliriez /ʒa.ji.ʁje/	jailliraient /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	jaillisse /ʒa.jis/	jaillisses /ʒa.jis/	jaillisse /ʒa.jis/	jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/	jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/	jaillissent /ʒa.jis/
	imperfect2	jaillisse /ʒa.jis/	jaillisses /ʒa.jis/	jaillît /ʒa.ji/	jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/	jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/	jaillissent /ʒa.jis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	jaillis /ʒa.ji/	—	jaillissons /ʒa.ji.sɔ̃/	jaillissez /ʒa.ji.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• jaillissement

Further reading

• “jaillir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Old French

Alternative forms

• galir (common)
• jalir (common)

Verb

jaillir

1. (of a liquid, often blood) to spurt out; to shoot out

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of jaillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		jaillir			avoir jailli
gerund		en jaillissant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		jaillissant
past participle		jailli
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	jaillis	jaillis	jaillist	jaillissons	jaillissez	jaillissent
	imperfect	jaillissoie, jaillisseie	jaillissoies, jaillisseies	jaillissoit, jaillisseit	jaillissiiens, jaillissiens	jaillissiiez, jaillissiez	jaillissoient, jaillisseient
	preterite	jailli	jaillis	jailli	jaillimes	jaillistes	jaillirent
	future	jaillirai	jailliras	jaillira	jaillirons	jailliroiz, jaillireiz, jaillirez	jailliront
	conditional	jailliroie, jaillireie	jailliroies, jaillireies	jailliroit, jaillireit	jailliriiens, jailliriens	jailliriiez, jailliriez	jailliroient, jaillireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	jaillisse	jaillisses	jaillisse	jaillissons	jaillissez	jaillissent
	imperfect	jaillisse	jaillisses	jaillist	jaillissons, jaillissiens	jaillissoiz, jaillissez, jaillissiez	jaillissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	jaillis	—	jaillissons	jaillissez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: jaillir
  • French: jaillir
• Norman: galir

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (jaillir)