kereta api bawah tanah

Indonesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós

Proto-Celtic *karros

Gaulish *karrosbor.

Latin carrus

Old Catalan carro

Old Catalan -eta

Old Catalan carretabor.?

Old Galician-Portuguese carreta

Portuguese carretabor.

Malay kereta

Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy

Proto-Malayic *api

Malay api

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Chinese 火車 / 火车 (huǒchē)calq.

Malay kereta api

Indonesian kereta api

Proto-Malayic *bawah

Malay bawah

Indonesian bawah

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəq

Proto-Malayic *tanah

Malay tanah

Indonesian tanah

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English undergroundcalq.

Indonesian bawah tanah

Chinese 地下鐵路 / 地下铁路 (dìxià tiělù)calq.?

▲

Japanese 地下鉄道calq.?

Indonesian kereta api bawah tanah

Compound of kereta api (“train”) +‎ bawah tanah (“underground”), probably calque from Chinese 地下鐵路／地下铁路 or Japanese 地下鉄道(ちかてつどう) (chikatetsudō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kəˈrɛt̪a ˈapi ˈbawah ˈtanah]

Noun

kereta api bawah tanah (plural kereta-kereta api bawah tanah)

1. (rail transport) underground railway

Further reading

• “kereta api bawah tanah”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016