múch

See also: Appendix:Variations of "much"

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish múchaid (“to cover over, press down, suffocate, quench”), from múch (“smoke, stifling vapour”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mˠuːx/, /mˠũːx/

Verb

múch (present analytic múchann, future analytic múchfaidh, verbal noun múchadh, past participle múchta)

1. to extinguish, quench (fire), turn off (a device or power source)
2. to choke, strangle, suffocate, smother
3. to quell, put down, suppress

Conjugation

Conjugation of múch (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	múchaim	múchann tú; múchair†	múchann sé, sí	múchaimid; múchann muid	múchann sibh	múchann siad; múchaid†	a mhúchann; a mhúchas	múchtar
past	mhúch mé; mhúchas	mhúch tú; mhúchais	mhúch sé, sí	mhúchamar; mhúch muid	mhúch sibh; mhúchabhair	mhúch siad; mhúchadar	a mhúch	múchadh
past habitual	mhúchainn / múchainn‡	mhúchtá / múchtá‡	mhúchadh sé, sí / múchadh sé, sí‡	mhúchaimis; mhúchadh muid / múchaimis‡; múchadh muid‡	mhúchadh sibh / múchadh sibh‡	mhúchaidís; mhúchadh siad / múchaidís‡; múchadh siad‡	a mhúchadh	mhúchtaí / múchtaí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	múchfaidh mé; múchfad	múchfaidh tú; múchfair†	múchfaidh sé, sí	múchfaimid; múchfaidh muid	múchfaidh sibh	múchfaidh siad; múchfaid†	a mhúchfaidh; a mhúchfas	múchfar
conditional	mhúchfainn / múchfainn‡	mhúchfá / múchfá‡	mhúchfadh sé, sí / múchfadh sé, sí‡	mhúchfaimis; mhúchfadh muid / múchfaimis‡; múchfadh muid‡	mhúchfadh sibh / múchfadh sibh‡	mhúchfaidís; mhúchfadh siad / múchfaidís‡; múchfadh siad‡	a mhúchfadh	mhúchfaí / múchfaí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go múcha mé; go múchad†	go múcha tú; go múchair†	go múcha sé, sí	go múchaimid; go múcha muid	go múcha sibh	go múcha siad; go múchaid†	—	go múchtar
past	dá múchainn	dá múchtá	dá múchadh sé, sí	dá múchaimis; dá múchadh muid	dá múchadh sibh	dá múchaidís; dá múchadh siad	—	dá múchtaí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	múchaim	múch	múchadh sé, sí	múchaimis	múchaigí; múchaidh†	múchaidís	—	múchtar
past participle	múchta
verbal noun	múchadh

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Derived terms

• múchtach (“smothering”, adjective)
• múchtóir (“extinguisher”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of múch

radical	lenition	eclipsis
múch	mhúch	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “múċaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, pages 765–766; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “múch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuːx/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *muk-. Perhaps related to múich (“gloom, sadness”).

Noun

múch f (genitive múiche)

1. smoke, vapor

Declension

Feminine ā-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	múchL	—	—
vocative	múchL	—	—
accusative	múichN	—	—
genitive	múicheH	—	—
dative	múichL	—	—

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• múchaid (“to suffocate, extinguish”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

múch

1. second-person singular imperative of múchaid

Verb

·múch

1. inflection of múchaid:
   1. third-person singular preterite conjunct
   2. first-person singular present subjunctive conjunct

Mutation

Mutation of múch

radical	lenition	nasalization
múch also mmúch in h-prothesis environments	múch pronounced with /β̃-/	múch also mmúch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “múch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muːx/, [ˈmuːx]
• Rhymes: -uːx

Noun

múch

1. genitive plural of mucha